Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
body fluid content varies according to what factors?
|
age
gender weight fat content |
|
|
What is a vasopressin released by the hypothalamus and with aldosterone plays a major role body's regulation of water?
|
Anti-diuretic hormone
|
|
|
what facilitates chemical reactions that maintain life in the cell?
|
intracellular fluid (largest compartment)
|
|
|
what does milliequivalent measure?
|
the # of ionic charges or electrovalent bonds, expressed in the # of mg/per 100ml of solution
|
|
|
what is the ideal route for all fluid and electrolyte solutions replacement?
|
IV
|
|
|
what is the ideal route for absorption of nutrients and fluids?
|
PO (digestive tract)
|
|
|
what is required to sustain life if any reason digestive tract absorption cannot be used?
|
parenteral solutions
|
|
|
Parenteral solutions are given to accomplish which three objectives?
|
1. meet current maintenance needs (nutrients, fluids, electrolytes)
2. replace past losses 3. replace concurrent losses (additional losses in excess of maintenance needs) |
|
|
name the majority of the parenteral solutions used(85-95%)?
|
carbohydrate in water
carbohydrate in saline normal saline 0.9% Potassium solution Ringers solution Lactate solution Ammonium chloride solution |
|
|
the following require which Parenteral solution?
Individuals who are Cl- deficit and have fluid and calorie needs? |
carbohydrate and saline solutions
|
|
|
the following require which Parenteral solution?
Needed calories and hydration? |
carbohydrate and H2O
exp. dextrose & fructose solutions (D5W most common) |
|
|
the following require which Parenteral solutious:
In cases of acid-base imbalace? |
Potassium, Lactate, and ammonium chloride solutions
|
|
|
which parenteral is a solution described as NS modified by addition of calcium and potassium in amounts similar to plasma?
|
Ringers solution
|
|
|
the following require which Parenteral solution?
Administered during healing phase of severe burn victims? |
potassium solution
|
|
|
In cases of acidosis which parenteral is prefered?
|
lactate
which is converted by the liver to bicarbonate ions. |
|
|
Which parenteral is used in the treatment of alkalosis?
|
ammonium chloride solution
|
|
|
(primary) mechanisms that maintain or restore total volume of water in the body adjust what?
|
output (urine volume)
|
|
|
what is the secondary method of maintaining total volume of water in the body?
|
mechanisms that adjust fluid intake
|
|
|
what restores the normal volume of extracellular fluid?
|
aldosterone hormone from the adrenal cortex of the kidney
|
|
|
what are osmoreceptors of this chapter responsible for?
& where are they? |
responsible: Thirst center (sensation) of the brain.
-detect ECF solute concentration. & -trigger a stop saliva production. located: SFO (nerve fibers 3rd ventricle) & ADH-secreting cells (hypothalamus) |
|
|
what two factors "determine" urine volume?
|
1. glomerular filtration rate
2. reabsorption in renal tubules |
|
|
which one of the two factors that determine urine volume adjust the urine volume to fluid intake?
|
tubular reabsorption
|
|
|
define dehydration?
|
the condition that results from excess loss of total body water. measured often by skin elasticity (turgor)
|
|
|
what are the four types of pressures according to Starlings law of capillaries?
|
blood hydrostatic
colloid osmotic on one side of cap. membrane and on the other interstitial fluid hydrostatic colloid osmotic |
|
|
Blood hydrostatic pressure does what?
|
forces blood out of caps. into IF
|
|
|
Blood colloid osmotic pressure does what?
|
draws fluid into the caps.
|
|
|
IF hydrostatic pressure does what?
|
forces fluid out of the interstitial fluid into the capillaries
|
|
|
what does Interstitial fluid colloid pressure do?
|
draws fluid into IF out of capillaries
|
|
|
T / F
Glomerular filtration rate stays constant? |
True
|
|
|
how do we determine the effective filtration pressure (EFP)?
|
add the two pressures exerting fluid into the IF
then minus the two pressures exerting fluid into the capillaries. |
|
|
what is the chief regulator in water transfer across the cell membrane?
|
colloid osmotic pressures (directly related to electrolyte concentration gradient maintained across cell membranes)
|
|
|
what is the body's chief regulator of sodium?
|
kidneys
|
|
|
how does ADH regulate ECF electrolyte concentration & colloid osmotic pressure ?
|
it regulates the amount of water reabsorbed into blood by tubules
|
|
|
How does Aldosterone regulate ECF volume?
|
by regulating amount of sodium reabsorbed into blood by tubules
|
|
|
what is the body's chief regulator of sodium?
|
kidneys
|
|
|
how does ADH regulate ECF electrolyte concentration & colloid osmotic pressure ?
|
it regulates the amount of water reabsorbed into blood by tubules
|
|
|
How does Aldosterone regulate ECF volume?
|
by regulating amount of sodium reabsorbed into blood by tubules
|
|
|
what is the body's chief regulator of sodium?
|
kidneys
|
|
|
how does ADH regulate ECF electrolyte concentration & colloid osmotic pressure ?
|
it regulates the amount of water reabsorbed into blood by tubules
|
|
|
How does Aldosterone regulate ECF volume?
|
by regulating amount of sodium reabsorbed into blood by tubules
|
|
|
what is the chief electrolyte in Interstitial fluid?
|
sodium
|
|
|
what is the main electrolyte of intracellular fluid?
|
Potassium
|
|
|
what is the concentration of Na+ in IF?
|
138 to 143 mEq/L
|
|
|
what is the chief electrolyte in Interstitial fluid?
|
sodium
|
|
|
what is the main electrolyte of intracellular fluid?
|
Potassium
|
|
|
what is the concentration of Na+ in IF?
|
138 to 143 mEq/L
|
|
|
what disorder is often found associated with potassium loss?
|
hypochloremia (due to chloride ions excreted in urine as a potassium salt)
|
|
|
what is the most important extracellular anion ?
|
chloride
|
|
|
what are the following examples of:?
Retention of electrolytes in ECF Increase in capillary B/P Decrease in concentration of plasma proteins (normally in blood) |
reasons for fluid imbalance (edema)
|
|
|
what is edema?
|
abnormal large amount of fluid in intercellular tissue spaces
|
