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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the immune system |
seeks to identify abnormal cells & remove dead or damaged cells; protects the body from different pathogens. |
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autoimmune disease (or disorder) |
the incorrect response of the bodies immune system; i.e. diabetes |
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what do pathogens consist of? |
bacteria, viruses, fungi, & parasites; i.e. hookworm |
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virus |
are parasitic meaning they must use the cell as a host replicate; antibiotics don't work on viruses, but some antiviral drugs do. |
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antigens |
produced in response to the bodies immune system being activated; swelling & inflammation may occur as a result due to isolation; MUST bind to the antibody receptors in the cell membrane of lymphocytes. |
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cytokines |
protein messengers released by one cell to affect the growth or activity of another cell. |
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antibodies |
proteins secreted by immune cells, bind to antigens making visible to the immune system. |
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acquired immunity/active |
can be active or passive; ________ immunity results from development of antibodies in response to an antigen, as from exposure to an infectious disease or through vaccination; the division of cell-mediated & humoral immunity (antibody mediated) |
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cell-mediated |
contact dependent binding to cell receptors which is provided by T lymphocytes |
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humoral immunity (antibody mediated) |
uses proteins to perform an immune response |
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innate immunity |
a nonspecific response that is present at birth |
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natural killer cells (NK) |
performs active surveillance for viruses, provides a response to viral infections causing them to undergo apoptosis. |
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phagocytic cells |
immune cells, 1st line of defense against pathogens, attracted to these areas by chemotoxins |
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lysosomes |
used to kill bacteria |
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lymphoid tissue |
the thymus gland, bone marrow, spleen-organ, largest of lymph nodes; swelling & soreness of lymph nodes indicate fighting an infection. |
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peyer's patches |
a cluster of lymph tissue in small intestine |
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diffuse lymphoid tissue |
tonsils & gut; associated with lymphoid tissues |
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leukocytes |
found on lymphoid tissue - 2 groups |
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neutrophils |
most abundant; formed in bone marrow & released into circulation. |
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cytotoxic cells |
killer cells |
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mononuclear phagocyte system |
monocytes & macrophages |
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basophils |
release cell mediators that contribute to inflammation; they contain histamine & heparin involved in the immune system. |
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eosinophils |
associated with allergic reactions & parasitic disease, less than 3% of leukocytes; live less than 12 hours. |
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monocytes |
precursors to macrophages, uncommon in blood, spends most of the time moving from bone marrow to blood. |
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lymphocytes |
over a trillion in most adults; most contained in lymphoid tissue; look alike under the microscope, but differ in function; B & T lymphocytes. |
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dendritic cells |
"langerhans" cells in skin, move antigens to lymph nodes. |
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actor phase proteins |
made by the liver & help with inflammation response |
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chemotoxins |
attract phagocytes to infection |
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pyrogen |
fever producing substances |
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opsonins |
mark pathogens so phagocytes can find them |
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B lymphocytes |
develop as stem cells in bone marrow; form plasma cells that secrete antibodies. |
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T lymphocytes |
formed by stem cells; modified in thymus. |
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cytotoxic T cells |
attack foreign or body cells infected with virus |
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helper T cells |
regulate the immune system |
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IgG |
75% of plasma antibody in adults, responsible for resistance to viruses, bacteria, bacteria toxins; crosses placenta to give baby immunity. |
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IgA |
found in gland secretions mostly breastmilk, tears, & saliva. |
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IgE |
involved in allergic response & attach mast cells |
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IgD |
on the surface of lymphocytes - uncertain actions |
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IgM |
1st antibody in response to infections, reacts to blood group antigens |
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allergic response |
when the body will produce an excessive response to allergen that it's sensitive to; sometimes the response is more threatening than the allergen itself. |
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blood determination |
4 types of blood based on the combination of 2 glycoproteins (A,B) antigens found in the membrane of RBC. A=anti B; B=anti A; O=anti A & B; AB=neither |
