Ch 22, 23, & 24

Front 1

Descent with modification

Back 1

Darwin's initial phrase for the general process of evolution

Front 2

Natural selection

Back 2

Differential success in the reproduction of different phenotypes resulting from the interaction of organisms with the environment

Front 3

Artificial selection

Back 3

The selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to encourage the occurrence of desirable traits

Front 4

Hardy Weinberg

Back 4

The principle that frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population remain constant from generation to generation provided the only mendelian segregation and recombination of alleles are at work

Front 5

Point mutation

Back 5

A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair

Front 6

Genetic drift

Back 6

Unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next because of a population finite size

Front 7

Bottleneck effect

Back 7

Genetic drift resulting from the reduction of a population typically by a natural disaster such that the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of of the original population

Front 8

Founder effect

Back 8

Genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population with the result that the new populations gene pool is not reflective of the original population

Front 9

Gene flow

Back 9

Genetic additions to or subtractions from a population resulting from the movement of fertile individuals or gametes

Front 10

Disruptive selection

Back 10

Natural selection that favors individuals on both extremes of a phenotypic range over intermediate phenotypes

Front 11

Directional selection

Back 11

Natural selection that favors individuals at one end of the phenotypic range

Front 12

Stabilizing selection

Back 12

Natural selection that favors intermediate variants by acting against extreme phenotypes

Front 13

Fitness

Back 13

The contribution of an individual to the gene pool of the next-generation relative to the contributions of other individuals

Front 14

Heterozygous advantage

Back 14

Greater reproductive success of heterozygous individual is compared to homozygotes; tends to preserve variation in gene pool

Front 15

Speciation

Back 15

Original of new species in evolution

Front 16

Morphological species concept

Back 16

Defining of species by measurable anatomical criteria

Front 17

Paleontological species concept

Back 17

Definition of species based on morphological differences known only from the fossil record

Front 18

Phylogenetic species concept

Back 18

Defining a species as a set of organisms with a unique genetic history

Front 19

Allopatric speciation

Back 19

A mode of speciation induced when an ancestral population becomes segregated by a geographic barrier or is itself divided into two or more geographically isolated subpopulations

Front 20

Sympatric speciation

Back 20

Emotive speciation occurring as a result of a radical change in the Genome of a sub population reproductively isolated the sub population from the parent population

Front 21

Polyploidy

Back 21

A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets

Front 22

Adaptive radiation

Back 22

The emergence of numerous species from a common ancestor introduced into an environment that presents A diversity of New Opportunities and challenges

Front 23

Allometric growth

Back 23

The variation in the relative rates of growth of various body parts which helped shape the organism

Front 24

Paedomorphosis

Back 24

The retention in an adult organism of the juvenile features of its evolutionary ancestors

Front 25

Macro evolution

Back 25

Evolutionary change above the species level including the appearance of major evolutionary developments such as flight that we used to find higher taxa

Front 26

Micro evolution

Back 26

Evolutionary change below the species level change in the genetic makeup of a population from generation to generation

Front 27

Hox genes

Back 27

Related genes that control body plan of an embryo

Front 28

Gradual equilibrium model

Back 28

the hypothesis that evolution proceeds chiefly by the accumulation of gradual changes (in contrast to the punctuationist model

Front 29

Vestigial homologous and analogous structure

Back 29

Evidence now suggested that a single ancestral species gave rise to a number of similar but distinct species

Front 30

Punctuated equilibrium model

Back 30

Evolutionary development marked by isolated episodes of Rapid speciation with long periods of little or no change

Front 31

Sexual recombination

Back 31

The presence in progeny of combinations of genotypes and perhaps phenotypes, not present in either parent, resulting from crossing-over;

Front 32

Sexual dimorphism

Back 32

Marked differences between sexes in end sexual characteristics

Front 33

Intrasexual selection

Back 33

Direct competition between sexes for mating rights

Front 34

Interasexual selection

Back 34

Individuals of one sex are choosy in selecting their mates from individuals of other sex

Front 35

Cladogenesis

Back 35

Branching evolution ; spitting of a gene pool into two or more separate pools each five rise to a new species

Front 36

Anagenesis

Back 36

Accumulation of changes that gradually transform a species into a species with different characteristics

Front 37

Autopolyploid

Back 37

An individual has more than two sets of chromosomes, all derived from a single species

Front 38

Allopolyploid

Back 38

An individual with multiple sets of chromosomes derived from different species

Front 39

Heterochrony

Back 39

An evolutionary change in the rate or timing of developmental events. Can have significant impact on body shape.