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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the thorax is considered to be the region between the ___ and ____ |
neck and abdomen |
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the thoracic wall is made up of what |
fascia, skin, nerves, muscle, vessels, bones, breast |
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what is part of the thoracic cavity |
heart, lungs, thymus, distal trachea, esophagus |
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what is the thoracic cage made up of |
12 ribs and coastal carti, 12 thoracic vertebrae and intervebral discs, sternum
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what is the part called that allows access for the thoracic cavity to communicate with the neck |
the thoracic inlet or the superior thoracic aperature |
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what does the thoracic inlet look like |
shaped downward and foreward, 5 cm and 11 cm transversely |
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what is the thoracic inlet bounded by |
T1, 1st ribs and cart, superior border of manubrim |
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what all passes through the thoracic inlet |
trachea, esophagus, common carotid arteries, jugular veins, subclavian a v, vagus and phrenic nerves, thoracic duct |
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what is the thoracic outlet sundrome |
compression at superior thoracic outlet, so there is numbness parathesia and thrombosis in upper limns |
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what is the main purpose of the inferior thoracic inlet |
let the thoracic cavity communicate with the abdomen |
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what closes the inferior thoracic aperature |
the thoracic diaphram |
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what is the shape of the inferior thoracic aperature |
slopes downward and backward
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what is the inferior thoracic aperature surrounded and bounded by |
bounded T12 , 12 rib and costal margins and xiphisternal joints |
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name the three parts of the sternum |
manubrim, body, xiphoid process |
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name the three parts of the manubrium |
jugular(suprasternal) notch, clavicular notch, manubriosternal joint |
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the body of the sternum is made of |
costal notches and xiphisternal joint |
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where is the xiphoid process located |
the end of the sternum |
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what is the general job of the vertebrae in the body |
supports it |
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where on the vertebrae do muscle attachments occur |
transverse and spinous processes |
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what restricts movements in the vertebrae |
superior and inferior articular facets |
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on thoracic vertebraes, what is used for articulation with head or ribs |
costal facets on bodies |
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what is used on thoracic vertebraes for articulation with tubercles of ribs |
costal facets on transverse process |
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on thoracic vertebraes, _______ articular facets faces posteriorly and ____ face anteriorlyq |
superior, inferior |
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which ribs are the true ribs and are called what |
1-7..... vertebrocostal |
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why are they called vertebrae costal |
because costal cartilage attaches directly to sternum |
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what are the false ribs |
8 to 10 |
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what are false ribs called and why |
vertebrochondral, costal cartilage attaches to costal cartilage of rib 7 |
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which ribs connect directly to the sternum |
one to seven
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which are floating ribs and why are they called that |
11 and 12, because don't attach to sternum |
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the typical ribs are which numbers |
three to nine.. different from 1 2 10 because of where they attach |
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what are the muscles of the thoracic wall |
external intercostal (superficial), internal intercostal (middle ), innermost intercostal (deepest) |
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all the intercostal layers are innervated by what |
intercostal nerves |
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which of the intercostal muscles present laterally |
innermost |
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the nerve and vein run in cavity and divide what layers |
innermost and internal |
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which on intercostal muscles have same direction as internal |
innermost |
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what runs on the posterior thoracic wall |
posterior intercostal vein and artery, and the intercostal nerve .. found in intercostal space |
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the posterior intercostal artery is a direct branch of what |
the descending aorta |
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the posterior intercostal vein drains into what |
the hemiazygos vein (left) and the azygos vein (right) |
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the vessels and nerves are located where |
between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles |
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the thoracic cavities are made up of how many compartments |
3 |
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name the three compartments and what they entail |
1) two lateral (right and left pulmonary cavities) 2)one central (mediastinum) |
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What is located in the pulmonary cavities?` |
lungs (essential for respiration) pleurae (pleural sac consisting of two continuous membranes) |
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what are the two type of pleurae |
parietal and visceral |
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name the components and job of pariental |
1) costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal, cervical 2)protects the outer lining of thoracic wall and medistinum |
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describe the visceral pleurae |
covers the lung and cannot be surgically removed |
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what is the pleural cavity |
the space between the visceral and parietal pleaurae, fulled with pleural fluid |
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what does the pleural fluid act as |
a lubricant |
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where does the trachea begin |
cricoid cartilage |
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which hyaline cartilage is the trachea a part of |
16 to 20 incomplete hyaline caraliaginious rings |
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where does the trachea break off into the left and right bronchi |
sternal angle |
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what is the division point of the two bronchi called and explain it more in depth |
carina, and it is the last point of defense, most sensitive area |
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what widens the carina |
the carcinanomatous lymph nodes |
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describe the right bronchi |
wider, vertical, shorter, and where food and foreign objects usually go |
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describe the left pulmonary bronchus |
closer to pulmonary trunk and aorta |
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each primary bronchus divides into _______ and then into _____ |
secondary lobar bronchi, tertiary segmental bronchi |
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in a trachea cross section, the anterioraly and laterally structure is composed of what structure |
carilagenous |
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posteriorly is the ________ muscle... what is its action |
trachealis, and constricts trachea allowing higher velocity of air during coughing |
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where does the lung attach |
pulmonary vessels and trachea |
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what is the blunt superior end of lungs called |
apex |
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what divides the lungs into lobes |
horizontal and oblique fissures |
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which long is larger and heavier |
right |
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how many lobes in the right divided too and name them |
3, superior, middle and inferior |
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how many lobes is the left divided into |
2 superior and inferior |
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which lung is innervated by the horizontal fisure |
right lung |
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where is the cardiac notch located |
the left lungs |
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what does the cancer on the lungs look like |
white hard patches |
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what is the chief muscle of inspiration |
diaphragm |
