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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Spanish for conqueror, the men who led the expeditions to conquer the Americas
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conquistador
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a Spanish army captain who explored South America's west coast and took over Peru in 1532
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Francisco Pizzaro
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fort built by the Spanish in the Americas
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presidio
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low-ranking nobles who came to America as conquistadors
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hidalgos
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system of rewarding conquistadors tracts of land, including the right to tax and exact labor from Native Americans
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encomienda
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a huge ranch
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hacienda
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men who herded cattle on haciendas
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vaquero
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the mythical northern water route through North America to the Pacific Ocean
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Northwest Passage
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French fur traders who lived among the Native Americans
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Coureur de bois
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English explorer who had long hoped to find a western route to Asia as an Italian navigator
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John Cabot
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someone who wanted to purify the Anglican Church during the 1500s and 1600s
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puritans
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form of buisness organization in which many investors pool funds to raise large amounts of money for large projects
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joint-stock company
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privately owned ship licensed by the government to attack ships of other countries
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privateer
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Gilbert's half-brother who sent two ships in Gilbert's name and discovered and named the land of Virginia
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Walter Raleigh
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a group of Native Americans, headed by Chief Powhatan, who traded with the English explorers
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Powhatan Confederacy
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representatives to the general assembly of the Virginia colony
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burgesses
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system in which settlers were granted land in exchange for settling in Virginia
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headright
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a colony owned by an individual
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proprietary colony
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a Puritan who broke away from the Anglican Church
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Separatist
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a Separatist who journeyed to the American colonies in the 1600s for religious freedom
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Pilgrims
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one of the colony's leaders whose crew started building homes in Plymouth as soon as they arrived
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William Bradford
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a Native American man who taught the Pilgrims about their new environment
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Squanto
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a wealthy attorney who invested in the Massachusetts Bay Company, and eventually established the Massachusetts Bay Colony
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John Winthrop
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company that received a royal charter in March 1629 to create a colony in New England
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Massachusettes Bay Company
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when people moved from England to the new land because the conditions in England grew worse
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Great Migration
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a dissenter from established church beliefs
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heretics
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a young minister who arrived in Boston in 1631 and believed that Puritans should not be part of the Anglican Church
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Roger Williams
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an intelligent, charismatic, Purian woman who arrived in Boston and was later accused of heresy because she attacked the authority of ministers
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Anne Hutchinson
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war that began in 1642 when King Charles I sent troops into the English Parliament to arrest several Puritan leaders
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English Civil War
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the commander of Parliament's army that later dissolved Parliament and seized power of England
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Oliver Cromwell
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the restoration of the monarchy that had ended after the death of King Charles I with Charles's son, Charles II, in 1660
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Restoration
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an English navigator who was hired by the Dutch East India Company to find a route through North America to the Pacific
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Henry Hudson
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Admiral Penn's son who inherited his father's estate
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William Penn
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opposition to war or violence as a means of settling disputes
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pacifism
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a wealthy member of Parliament that set up a colony where the poor could start over
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James Oglethorpe
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mix of spanish and native American blood
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mestizo
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1st written constitution
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fundamental orders of conneticut
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