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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following is the body's initial response to injury? a. The immune response b. The inflammatory response c. Repair d. Hyperplasia |
B. The inflammatory response |
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What type of inflammation occurs if the injury is minimal and brief and the source is removed from the tissue? a. Fatal b. Acute c. Chronic d. Life-threatening |
B. Acute |
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During the inflammatory response, the first microscopic event is: a. Dilation of the microcirculation b. Increased permeability of the microcirculation c. Formation of exudate d. Constriction of the microcirculation |
D. Constriction of the microcirculation |
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Which one of the following conditions is considered a chronic inflammatory lesion? a. Necrotizing sialometaplasia b. Periapical granuloma c. Aphthous ulcer d. Aspirin burn |
B. Periapical granuloma |
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The directed movement of white blood cells to the area of injury is called: a. Pavementing b. Margination c. Chemotaxis d. Hyperemia |
C. Chemotaxis |
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Which of the following cells are the most prevalent cells seen in chronic inflammation? a. Neutrophils b. Macrophages and lymphocytes c. Lymphocytes and plasma cells d. Neutrophils and lymphocytes |
C. Lymphocytes and plasma cells |
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The Macrophage has many functions. Which of the following is not a function of the macrophage? a. Phagocytosis b. Removal of large foreign matter c. Removal of inhaled particles d. Formation of antibodies. |
D. Formation of antibodies |
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Which of the following is the term used to describe blood plasma with cells and proteins that leaves the blood vessels and enters the surrounding tissues during inflammation? a. Hyperemia b. Hypertrophy c. Margination d. Exudate |
D. Exudate |
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The process of phagocytosis during inflammation directly involves the: a. Ingestion of foreign substances by white blood cells. b. Escape of plasma fluids and proteins from the microciculation into the surrounding tissues c. Displacement of white blood cells to the blood vessel walls d. Attachment of white blood cells to the blood vessel walls |
A. Ingestion of foreign substances by white blood cells. |
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Which of the following statements is incorrect concerning the neutrophil? The neutrophil: a. Makes up 30% of white blood cells b. Contains lysosomal enzymes c. Is a cell whose main function is phagocytosis d. has a multilobed nucleus |
a. Makes up 30% of white blood cells |
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During the process of inflammation, the second type of white blood cell to emigrate from the blood vessel into the injured tissue is the: a. Neutrophil b. Red blood cell c. Lymphocyte d. Macrophage |
D. Macrophage |
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Components of the complement system mediate the inflammatory process by: a. Decreasing vascular permeability b. Releasing histamine granules from neutrophils c. Causing cytolysis of cells d. Decreasing phagocytosis |
C. Causing cytolysis of cells |
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Two days after injury, granulation tissue can be described as: a. Immature vascular connective tissue b. Fluid in the form of exudate c. Dense avascular connective tissue d. Ulcerated tissue |
A. Immature vascular connective tissue. |
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The enlargement of superficial lymph nodes that occurs as a systemic sign of inflammation is: a. Called leukocytosis b. Regulated y the hypothalmus. c. Caused by changes in their lymphocytes d. A process that involves only the lymph nodes in the submental area |
C. Caused by changes in their lymphocytes |
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Which statement concerning repair in the body is true? a. Repair can be completed with the injurious agents present. b. Functioning cells and tissue components are always replaced by functioning scar tissue c. Repair always results in regeneration d. The process of repair is initiated by the inflammatory response |
D. The process of repair is initiated by the inflammatory response |
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The clot that forms during repair after injury: a. Consists of fibrous connective tissue b. Serves as a guide for migrating epithelial cells c. Forms after skin injury, but not after mucosal injury d. Occurs only with healing by secondary intention. |
B. Serves as a guide for migrating epithelial cells |
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Healing by secondary intention refers to healing of an injury when? a. The incision has clean edges joined by sutures b. Only a small clot forms c. An infection forms in the injured area d. There is increased formation of granulation tissue. |
D. There is increased formation of granulation tissue. |
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Which of the following is the term used to describe an increase in the size of an organ or tissue resulting from an increase in the number of its cells? a. Hperemia b. Hyperplasia c. Inflammation d. Hypertrophy |
B. Hyperplasia |
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Normal bone tissue repair in the body can be delayed by: a. Maintenance of osteoblast-producing tissues b. Inadequate movement of bone tissue c. Drainage of an area of edema d. Reduction in the amount of tissue infection |
B. Inadequate movement of bone tissue |
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Which one of the following lesions would clinically appear as a pigmented lesion? a. Amalgam tattoo b. Traumatic ulcer c. Frictional keratosis d. Aspirin burn |
A. Amalgam tattoo |
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Which of the following statements is false? a. Attrition is the wearing away of tooth structure during mastication b. Bruxism is the same process as mastication c. Erosion is the loss of tooth structure resulting from chemical action d. Abrasion is caused by mechanical, repetitive habits |
B. Bruxism is the name process as mastication. |
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Loss of tooth structure associated with bulima is caused by: a. Attrition b. Erosion c. Bruxism d. Abrasion |
B. Erosion |
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An aspirin burn in the oral cavity: a. Occurs as a result of an overdose of aspirin b. Is usually painless c. Results from a misuse of aspirin d. Usually takes several weeks to heal |
C. Results from a misuse of aspirin |
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A patient has a generalized white appearance of the palate. Tiny erythematous dots can be seen, surrounded by a thickened, raised, white-to-gray area. Overall the palate appears wrinkled. This condition is most likely: a. Papillary hyperplasia of the palate b. Nicotine stomatitis c. An aspirin burn d. Necrotizing sialometaplasia |
B. Nicotine stomatitis |
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Which of the following is the most common cause of a mucocele? a. Actue inflammation b. Tumor formation c. Minor salivary gland duct trauma d. A sialolith |
C. Minor salivary gland duct trauma |
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A ranula is located on the: a. Lower lip b. Buccal mucosa c. Retromolar area d. Floor of the mouth |
D. Floor of the mouth |
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Which one of the following lesions would not occur on the gingiva? a. Irritation fibroma b. Pyogenic granuloma c. Giant cell granuloma d. Epulis fissuratum |
D. Epulis fissuratum |
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Generalized loss of tooth structure primarily on the lingual surfaces of maxillary anterior teeth is associated with: a. Erosion b. Attrition c. Abrasion d. Abfraction |
A. Erosion |
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Which of the following may be a cause of external tooth resorption? a. Caries b. Salivary gland dysfunction c. Chronic inflammation d. Medication |
C. Chronic inflammation |
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Which one of the following is considered to be the most likely cause of necrotizing sialometaplasia? a. Loss of blood supply b. Radiation therapy c. Smoking d. A sialolith |
A. Loss of blood supply |
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The most common site for a mucocele to occur is the: a. Floor of the mouth b. Tongue c. Buccal mucosa d. Lower lip |
D. Lower lip |
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The peripheral giant cell granuloma occurs only on the: a. Gingiva or alveolar mucosa b. Hard palate c. Buccal mucosa d.Floor of the mouth |
A. Gingiva or alveolar mucosa |
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A sialolith is: a. Chronic inflammation of a salivary gland b. Acute inflammation of a salivary gland c. A pooling of saliva in the connective tissue d. A salivary gland stone |
D. A salivary gland stone |
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Which of the following statements is false? a. A periapical cyst develops from a periapical granuloma b. A periapical abscess always causes radiographic periapical changes c. A periapical granuloma is a circumscribed area of chroncically inflamed tissue d. A periapical cyst is also called a radicular cyst
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B. A periapical abscess always causes radiographic periapical changes |
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Epulis fissuratum results from irritation caused by: a. A denture flange b. Denture adhesive c. Poor suction from the denture in the palatal vault d. An allergic reaction to the acrylic in the denture. |
A. A denture flange |
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Which of the following statements is true? a. A traumatic neuroma is never painful b. Necrotizing sialometaplasia is considered a denture-related lesion c. Chronic hyperplastic pulpitis is similar to gingival hyperplasia d. Gingival enlargement may be caused by medication |
D. Gingival enlargement may be caused by medication |
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Loss of tooth structure caused by chemical action describes: a. Abrasion b. Internal resorption c. Erosion d. Attrition |
C. Erosion |
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Which of the following cysts is characteristically associated with a tooth that is nonvital on pulp testing? a. Residual b. Radicular c. Dentigerous d. Dermoid |
B. Radicular |
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Which of the following cysts results when a tooth is extracted without removing the periapical cystic sac? a. Radicular b. Primordial c. Residual d. Periodontal |
C. Residual |
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The most common cause of a radicular cyst is: a. Deep restorations without a base b. Caries c. Occlusal trauma d. Toothbrush abrasion at the CEJ |
B. Caries |
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The wearing away of tooth structure through an abnormal mechanical action defines: a. Attrition b. Abrasion c. Erosion d. Resorption |
B. Abrasion |
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Which one of the following is not associated with attrition? a. Toothpaste b. Bruxism c. Mastication d. Age |
A. Toothpaste |
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Heavy plaque and calculus deposits, mouth breathing, orthodontic appliances, and overhanging restorations best describe some of the causative factors for: a. Phenytoin (Dilantin) hyperplasia b. A reaction from nifedipine (Procardia) c. Irritation fibromatosis d. Chemical fibromatosis |
C. Irritation fibromatosis |
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A pink, granular or "cobble-stone" like appearance of the hard palate under a denture is most likely: a. Nicotine stomatitis b. Necrotizing sialometaplasia c. Papillary hyperplasia of the palate d. Multiple fibromas |
C. Papillary hyperplasia of the palate |
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During examination of the dentition, the dental hygienist notes the presence of active wear facets. This indicates that the patient is: a. Chewing too vigorously b. A bruxer c. A vegetarian d. Lip biting |
B. A bruxer |
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A patient has a loss of tooth structure on the labial surfaces of the anterior teeth and reports a high intake of citrus fruit juices. The dental hygienist would most likely suspect: a. Abrasion b. Bulimia c. Bruxism d. Erosion |
D. Erosion |
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The amalgam tattoo represents amalgam particles in the tissue and is most commonly observed in the oral cavity: a. Lateral borders of the tongue b. Anterior palate near the rugae c. Floor of the mouth d. Posterior gingiva and edentulous ridge |
D. Posterior gingiva and edentulous ridge |
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A pink protruding mass in the occlusal surface of a severely carious mandibular first or second molar is most likely a: a. Irritation fibroma b. Pyogenic granuloma c. Pulp polyp d. Pulpal granuloma |
C. Pulp polyp
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Which of the following drugs does not cause gingival enlargement? a. Phenytoin (Dilantin) b. Cyclosporine c. Nifedipine (procardia) d. Tetracycline |
D. Tetracycline |
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Traumatic ulcers are usually diagnosed on the basis of: a. The patient's medical history b. The clinical appearance and history of the ulcers c. The results of a biopsy and microscopic examination d. A therapeutic diagnosis |
B. The clinical appearance and history of the ulcers |
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Which of the following might be identified on a radiograph? a. Mucocele b. Sialolith c. Necrotizing sialometaplasia d. Chronic sialadenitis |
B. Sialolith |
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Which of the following is false concerning actinic cheilitis? a. It affects the vermilion of the lips b. It is caused by sun exposure c. It usually involves the upper lip more severely than the lower lip d. It can be identified by clinical changes in the appearance of the lips. |
C. It usually involves the upper lip more severely than the lower lip |
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All of the following are systemic manifestations of inflammation except: a. Leukocytosis b. Fever c. Hyperemia and erythema d. Lymphadenopathy |
C. Hyperemia and erythema |
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A raised, white line is seen on the buccal mucosa at the level of the occlusal plane. This is best called: a. Frictional keratosis b. Leukoplakia c. Linea alba d. A traumatic ulcer |
c. Linea alba |
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Which of the following is false concerning a traumatic neuroma? It is: a. Caused by an injury to a peripheral nerve b. Composed of nerve tissue completely surrounded by a fibrous connective tissue capsule c. Composed of a proliferation of small nerves d. Often painful |
B. Composed of nerve tissue completely surrounded by a fibrous connective tissue capsule. |
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Enhancement of phagocytosis is called: a. Opsonization b. Abfraction c. Transudate d. Chemotaxis |
A. Opsonization |
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Wedge-shaped defects at the cervical area of teeth define which of the following terms? a. Erosion b. Abfraction c. Attrition d. Abrasion |
B. Abfraction |
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Condensing osteitis is diagnosed mainly through which type of diagnostic process? a. Clinical b. Radiographic c. Laboratory d. Therapeutic |
B. Radiographic |
