Ch. 2 - General Care Of The Dog & Cat

Front 1

The canine ear canal makes an almost _________ degree bend.

Back 1

90 degrees

Front 2

Three major parts of the ear:

Back 2

1. outer ear

2. middle ear

3. inner ear

Front 3

Outer ear is also called the:

Back 3

pinna

Front 4

2 types of canine pinna:

Back 4

1. upright ("prick")

2. floppy

Front 5

Function of ear flaps:

Back 5

to funnel sound into ear canal

Front 6

Outer ear canal is separated from middle ear by thin membrane called the _______________ or the _________________ ______________________.

Back 6

eardrum

tympanic membrane

Front 7

Middle ear consists of 3 things:

Back 7

1. 3 ossicles

2. bulla

3. eustachian tube

Front 8

The 3 ossicles are:

Back 8

1. incus

2. stapes

3. malleus

Front 9

The bulla is located in the ______________ ear.

The bulla is an ____________________________.

Back 9

middle

air-filled cavity

Front 10

The thin tube that connects the bulla to the back of the mouth is the:

Back 10

Eustachian tube

Front 11

The inner ear connects to the ___________ and contains ___________.

Back 11

brain

nerves

Front 12

The inner ear is a center for what two things?

Back 12

balance

hearing

Front 13

Which species tends to have more ear problems:

dogs or cats?

Why?

Back 13

DOGS

Floppy ears are more prone to infection

(dark, moist, warm = bacteria)

Front 14

What else can contribute to dogs being prone to ear infections? (3 things)

Back 14

1. amount of HAIR in / around the ear canal

2. spending time in water

3. allergies

Front 15

Ear infections may result in these 6 symptoms:

Back 15

1. redness

2. odor

3. discharge

4. head shaking

5. ear scratching

6. rubbing ears on floor / hard surfaces

Front 16

3 causes of ear infections:

Back 16

1. yeast (moisture, antibiotics)

2. bacteria (secondary to allergies)

3. parasites (mites - otodectes)

Front 17

Ear scratching may result in these 3 things:

Back 17

1. hair loss

2. tears at edges of ears

3. aural hematoma

Front 18

What is an aural hematoma, and what will the ear look / feel like?

Back 18

bleeding between the skin and the cartilage of the ear flap

ear flap is warm, swollen, painful

Front 19

Ear Cleaning: 5 supplies needed

Back 19

1. ear wash solution

2. cotton balls

3. hemostat

4. Q-tips

5. medication if needed

Front 20

Protocol for Ear Cleaning:

Back 20

1. pluck hair if necessary

2. before cleaning debris - Q-tip in mineral oil smeared on slide (LOW POWER) for parasites

3. Dry slide - debris, stain, HIGH POWER for bacteria / yeast

Front 21

Why should caution be used before instilling certain ear cleaners?

Back 21

If the integrity of the eardrum is not know.

Front 22

What solution can be used for initial cleaning of the ear until a proper ear canal exam can be performed to assess eardrum?

Back 22

saline

Front 23

What is used to remove debris?

Back 23

cotton balls and Q-tips

Front 24

When finished cleaning the ear make sure it is _______.

Back 24

DRY

Front 25

Ear medications - ointment or drops should be placed in a clean ear, otherwise....

Back 25

they will not be effective

Front 26

The tip of the ointment tube or dropper should be placed ______________________________ to assure the meds go into the ear.

Back 26

into the ear canal

Front 27

How do you straighten the bend in the ear canal?

Back 27

Stretch ear away from head

Front 28

Excessive nail length results in what two things?

Back 28

1. altered gait

2. lameness problems

Front 29

Excessively long nails are more likely to _________ or be traumatically ______________.

Back 29

split

avulsed

Front 30

Untrimmed nails can become ingrown, (usually into _____________), resulting in __________________ or ______________________ formation.

Back 30

footpads

cellulites

abscess

Front 31

2 common types of nail trimmers

Back 31

1. guillotine

2. scissors

Front 32

To avoid cutting black nails too short in dogs, cutting surface of nail trimmer should be held parallel to the _______________ or _______________ surface of the footpads and nail cut in this plain.

Back 32

palmar

plantar

Front 33

Nails that have not been trimmed regularly have a _______________ quick.

Back 33

longer

Front 34

What stops nail bleeds?

How does it stop the bleeding?

Back 34

silver nitrate

styptic powder

chemical cautery

Front 35

Anal glands, if not expressed, can _____________ and ______________.

Back 35

abscess

rupture

Front 36

Treatment for ruptured / abscessed anal glands:

(3)

Back 36

1. warm compress

2. antibiotics

3. topicals

Front 37

Perianal fistulas are likely due to what cause?

Back 37

immune response

Front 38

Treatment for perianal fistulas?

Back 38

immunosuprressants

removal of anal glands

Front 39

Anal sacs open into the lateral margin of the anus at approximately what clock positions?

Back 39

4:00 & 8:00

Front 40

Clinical signs of impacted anal glands (4)

Back 40

1. licking perineum

2. scooting

3. discomfort

4. abnormal carrying of the tail

Front 41

Anal sacs are best emptied using the __________________ technique.

Back 41

internal

Front 42

Materials needed for internal expression of anal sacs?

Back 42

1. lube

2. gloves

3. spray / nolvasan

4. paper towel / gauze (to catch fluid)

Front 43

Bathing - start at ______________, move toward ___________.

Back 43

head

tail

Front 44

Bathing - eyes should be protected with...

Back 44

eye ointment

Front 45

Bathing - ear precautions:

Back 45

use cotton balls (don't forget to remove!)

Front 46

Why must all soap be thoroughly rinsed off after bathing?

Back 46

Can cause irritation

Front 47

Concerns with using hair dryer?

Back 47

Hyperthermia

Front 48

Shampoos containing insecticides: precautions--

Back 48

use only with vet approval

poss. of cumulative toxicity if other meds or insecticide is being used topically, etc.

Front 49

Bathing - dips: to avoid toxic reactions always use...

Back 49

correct dilutions