Ch. 1 - Small Animal Physical Observation

Front 1

Name 5 things to have with in reach to perform a PE or to monitor a post-op patient:

Back 1

1. patient medical record

2. stethoscope

3. thermometer

4. otoscope

5. optholmascope

Front 2

Otoscope: the _______________ is placed in the ear canal.

Back 2

speculum

Front 3

Stethoscope - used for auscultating what three things / sounds?

Back 3

1. heart sounds

2. lung sounds

3. digestive tract sounds

Front 4

Rectal thermometers should be:

well ________________.

Held in place for _________ minutes.

Inserted _________ to ________ its length.

Cleaned with ____________________.

Back 4

1. lubricated

2. 3 minutes

3. 1/2 - 1/3

4. disinfectant

Front 5

Every instrument should be _______________ and _________________ after its use.

Back 5

cleaned and disinfected

Front 6

PE - What 3 things should be assessed PRIOR to exam?

Back 6

1. overall demeanor

2. temperment

3. condition

Front 7

How (generally) should a PE be performed each time?

Back 7

the same way so that you develop a routine and don't miss anything.

Front 8

PE - begins at the ___________ and progressed methodically ______________ to the _____________.

Back 8

nares

caudally

tail

Front 9

What is considered NORMAL for...?

reflexes

Back 9

keen w/sharp reaction to stimuli

Front 10

What is considered NORMAL for...?

eyes

Back 10

clear, bright, free of discharge

Front 11

What is considered NORMAL for...?

nares

Back 11

clear orifices with no discharge

Front 12

What is considered NORMAL for...?

ears

Back 12

clean and odor free

Front 13

What is considered NORMAL for...?

skin / coat

Back 13

glossy coat

skin that is supple and free of wounds / parasites

Front 14

What is considered NORMAL for...?

weight

Back 14

suitable weight for breed

no signs of obesity or wastage

Front 15

What is considered NORMAL for...?

limb movement

Back 15

free movment

no signs of stiffness or pain

Front 16

TPR =

Back 16

temp

pulse

respiration

Front 17

TRUE or FALSE:

TPR may increase with stress of hospital visit

Back 17

TRUE

Front 18

What is considered NORMAL for...?

mucous membranes / CRT

Back 18

pink

CRT of 1-2 seconds

Front 19

What is considered NORMAL for...?

urine

Back 19

clear, pale yellow

passed without difficulty

Front 20

What is considered NORMAL for...?

feces

Back 20

firm, brown

passed freely without pain or straining

Front 21

What is considered NORMAL for...?

eating / drinking

Back 21

healthy appetite / intake of H2O

Front 22

PE protocol: What are the 3 main parts?

Back 22

1. Establish medical record

2. Obtain TPR

3. Observe animal systematically

Front 23

PR Protocol:

1. Establish medical record:

name 3 things to include:

Back 23

1. patient signalment (breed, age sex)

2. client info

3. patient history

Front 24

PE Protocol:

3. Observe animal systematically - how, using what, doing what?

Back 24

1. cranial to caudal end

2. using sight, smell, touch

3. observe area of chief complaint

Front 25

Systematic approach to observing and animal for PE:

12 steps

Back 25

1. observe head @ arm's length

2. eyes

3. muzzle / nares

4. oral cavity (lips and CRT)

5. ears

6. Lymph nodes - anterior / submandibular / salivary glands

7. larynx, trachea, thyroid area, thoracic inlet

8. haircoat

9. trunk (mammary glands, vulva, penis, testes, perineal, anus)

10. lymph nodes

11. extremities

12. flex and extend all joints

13. feet

Front 26

Questions to ask when obtaining medical Hx:

Back 26

1. signalment

2. species

3. weight

4. neuter status

5. last heat

6. vax history

7. injuries

8. medications

9. surgeries

10. gained / lost weight?

11. Ave. daily food consumption?

12. Water intake

13. changes in urination

14. activity level

15. defecation / constipation / diarrhea

16. vomiting

Front 27

What is the average daily food consumption for dogs and cats?

Back 27

dogs: 1 cup dry food / day per 15-10 lbs

cats: 1 cup dry food / day

Front 28

Anorexia:

Back 28

not eating

Front 29

Polyuria / Polydipsia (PU/PD)

Back 29

increased water intake + increased urination

Front 30

Anuria

Back 30

lack of urine production

Front 31

Dysuria

Back 31

painful or difficult urination

Front 32

Hematuria

Back 32

blood in urine

Front 33

Oliguria

Back 33

decrease in urinary output

Front 34

Water intake: normal

Back 34

44 - 66 ml / kg / day

Front 35

Output of urine should be:

Back 35

similar to amount of maintenance of intake of H2O

(varies with intake)

Front 36

Conversion of lbs to kgs:

Convert 40 lbs to kgs

Back 36

40 / 2.2 = 18.18 kgs

40 lb x 1 kg = 18.18 kg

1 2.2 lbs

Front 37

Listlessness

Back 37

lack of alertness.

Seems tired

Front 38

Vomiting is common in which two species?

Back 38

dogs & cats

Front 39

Vomiting is uncommon in which two species?

Back 39

rodents

ruminants

Front 40

Questions to ask re: vomiting

Back 40

1. occasional, frequent, or VERY frequent?

2. before or after eating?

3. what is in it?

Front 41

Questions to ask re: diarrhea

Back 41

1. how long has it been happening

2. smell?

3. mucus?

4. blood?

5. color - dark? red?

Front 42

Questions to ask re: constipation:

Back 42

1. is animal urinating? (esp. male cats)

are they sure animal is straining to DEFECATE?

Front 43

Questions to ask re: lameness

Back 43

1. how long has it been going on?

2. which limbs affected?

3. swelling?

4. relationship to exercise?

Front 44

paralysis:

Back 44

inability to move all or part of the body due to nerve damage

Front 45

Symptoms of skin diseases (name 5)

Back 45

1. scratching

2. hair loss

3. odor

4. parasites

5. sores

Front 46

alopecia:

Back 46

hair loss

usually associated with a skin disease or barbering

Front 47

barbering:

Back 47

one animal chest off patches of hair from another animal

Front 48

pruritis:

Back 48

constant or frequent scratching

usually due to irritation of skin from external parasites

skin appears scaly or reddened

Front 49

rough hair coat: what can it be due to? (4)

Back 49

ruffled and dull appearance

1. vitamin deficiency

2. ecto / endo parasites

3. infections

4. malnutrition

Front 50

Questions to ask re: swelling

Back 50

1. how long has it been happening?

2. local or general?

3. soft or hard?

4. hot or cold?

5. painful?

6. discharge?

Front 51

tumor:

Back 51

any abnormal growth, swelling, or lump

ex. abscess caused by bacteria

often refers to cancerous tumor

Front 52

Questions to ask re: coughing

Back 52

1. when did it start?

2. productive?

3. when does it happen? (pm, post-exercise, excitement, etc.)

Front 53

3 Things to note re: bleeding

Back 53

1. color

2. amount

3. frequency

Front 54

Anemia - visible symptoms / things to look for:

Back 54

1. pale mucus membranes / skin

2. white gums

3. prolonged CRT

Front 55

Stunted growth can be due to these 4 things:

Back 55

1. genetics

2. infections

3. parasites

4. poor husbandry

Front 56

Circling / head tilt often indicates what kind of infection?

Back 56

middle ear

Front 57

Discharge (of the nose, eye, vagina, or ear) is often associated with what type of infection?

Back 57

internal organs

Front 58

Dyspnea:

Back 58

difficulty breathing

Front 59

labored or rapid breaths are common signs of: __________________________

Back 59

pneumonia