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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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growth and reproduction?
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- asexual
- replicates its DNA, divides in half -produces two identical daughter cells |
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When a hollow bridge forms between two bacterial cells, the genes move from one to another
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conjugation
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What increases genetic diversity?
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conjugation
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hollow bridge
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pili
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infavorable growth conditions, endospore forms thick internal wall encloses DNA and some cytoplasm
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spore formation
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spore formation can be dormant for how long?
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months-years
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What allows bacteria to survive harsh conditions
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spore formation
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what is the anthrax bacteria?
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bacillusanthrasis
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- recycle nutrients and maintain equilibrium in the environment
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decomposers
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what are producers used in?
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photosynthesis
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converting nitrogen gas to a form plants can use
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nitrogen fixation
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why do plants need nitrogen gas?
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to be changed chemically to amonia or other nitrogen compounds
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why do humans use bacteria?
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- food and beverages,
- removal of wastes and poisons from water - mining minerals from gound - synthesis of drug chemicals via genetic engineering - production of vitamins in human intestines |
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what is the makeup of viruses?
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core of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), protein coat (capsid)
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polio virus has how many nanometers?
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20
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1 nanometer=
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1 billionth of a meter
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two processes of replication:
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a) lytic
b) lysogenic |
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when it bursts
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lysis
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undergoes lysogenic cycle
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prophage
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contain RNA and when infecting a cell, virus changes from RNA-DNA before viral code can be read
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retroviruses
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piece of protein
in mad cow disease infects animals, including humans |
prions
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strand of RNA
causes plant diseases |
vitoids
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what are uses for viruses?
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- vaccines
- genetic engineering - agriculture (pest control, color variations in some plants/flowers) |
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who created vaccine for smallpox?
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dr. edward jenner
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bacteria use two methods for causing disease
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- destroy cells for food
-release toxins that disrupt normal cell function |
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There are two preventions for bacteria causing disease
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- vaccines (strengthen immunity)
-antibiotics (inhabit- bacterial growth) |
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what are three ways to control bacteria?
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-sterilization by heat
-chemical disinfectents -canning food |
