Ch 18 Ratio Schedules

Front 1

Intermittent reinforcement

Back 1

-A reinforcer follows the response
-only once in a while

Front 2

Continuous Reinforcement

Back 2

-A reinforcer follows each response

Front 3

Schedule of Reinforcement

Back 3

-The way reinforcement occurs
-because of the number of responses,
-time between responses,
-and stimulus conditions

Front 4

Which type is best for shaping or maintaining difficult behavior?

Back 4

Continuous

Front 5

What was an example of shaping with continous reinforcement?

Back 5

Andrew's speech

Front 6

Fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement

Back 6

-A reinforcer follows
-a fixed number of responses

Front 7

Fixed-ratio responding

Back 7

-After a response is reinforced,
-no responding occurs for a period of time,
-then responding occurs at a high, steady rate
-until the next reinforcer is delivered

Front 8

Postreinforcement Pause

Back 8

-the pause after the consumption of a reinforcer
-before the next ratio of responses betgins

Front 9

General rule for establishing intermittently reinforced behavior

Back 9

-First use continous reinforcement and
-gradually increase the intermittency of reinforcement
-as responding stabilizes at a high rate

Front 10

What type of graph do behavior analysts often use when studying schedules of reinforcement?

Back 10

The cumulative graph

Front 11

Variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement

Back 11

-A reinforcer follows
-after a variable number of responses

Front 12

Variable-ratio responding

Back 12

-Variable-ratio schedules produce
-a high rate of responding,
-with almost no postreinforcement pausing

Front 13

What schedule of reinforcement are most of the contingencies in our everyday lives?

Back 13

Continous reinforcement (or continous punishment)

Front 14

Discrete-Trial procedure

Back 14

There is an S^D, a single response, and an outcome, followed by an S^Delta, then the next trial begins

Front 15

Free operant procedures

Back 15

there amy or may not be an S^D, there can be several responses, with the responses being reinforced either continously or intermittently

Front 16

What are four differences between the Skinner box and gambling schedules?

Back 16

Gambling has:

1)Interspersed learned reinforcers
2) Amount of reinforcer varies from ratio to ratio
3) Smaller ratio of responses before reinforcement
4) Emotional reinforcers

Front 17

What are 3 examples of variable-ratio schedules?

Back 17

1) Steve Stud using a bad pickup line (very large vr)
2) Uncle telling his dog to sit (reinforced on a variable ratio)
3) Kid whines until parents agree to what they want

Front 18

What was Yasako's story?

Back 18

She would vacuum before her chemistry study group met, but her neighbor downstairs would bang on the ceiling, swear, and threaten her until she stopped.

After a variable number of broom hits, she stops vacuuming. This is reinforcement for Mr. Bill by the removal of an aversive condition (negative reinforcement/escape)

Front 19

What was Nasty Ned's story?

Back 19

He would bully his class, but the teacher only noticed every once in a while.

This was a variable ratio penalty schedule.