Ch. 16 Terms And Names

Front 1

Louis Sullivan

Back 1

designed the ten-story Wainwright Building in St. Louis.

Front 2

Daniel Burnham

Back 2

designed a skyscraper, the Flatiron Building - 285 foot tower in 1902.

Front 3

Fredrick Law Olmstead

Back 3

a landscape architect that spearheaded the movement for planned urban parks.

Front 4

George Eastman

Back 4

developed a series of more convenient alternatives to the heavy glass plates previously used.

Front 5

Booker T. Washington

Back 5

believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society. (born enslaved)

Front 6

Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute

Back 6

Washington was in charge of this that aimed to equip African Americans with teaching diplomas and useful skills in agricultural, domestic, or mechanical work.

Front 7

W.E.B. Du Bois

Back 7

the first African American to receive a doctorate from Harvard, strongly disagreed with Washington’s gradual approach.

Front 8

Niagara Movement

Back 8

insisted that blacks should seek a liberal arts education so that the African American community would have well-educated leaders.

Front 9

Poll tax

Back 9

an annual tax that had to be paid before qualifying to vote.

Front 10

Grandfather Clause

Back 10

stated that even if a man failed the literacy test or could not afford the poll tax, he was still entitled to vote if he, his father, or his grandfather had been eligible to vote before January 1, 1867. The date is important because before that time, freed slaves did not have the right to vote. This did not allow them to vote.

Front 11

Segregation

Back 11

separated white and black people in public and private facilities.

Front 12

Jim Crow Laws

Back 12

laws enacted by Southern state and local governments to separate white and black people in public and private facilities.

Front 13

Plessy v. Ferguson

Back 13

the Supreme Court ruled that the separation of races in public accommodations was legal and did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment.

Front 14

Debt peonage

Back 14

a system that bound laborers into slavery in order to work off a debt to the employer.

Front 15

Joseph Pulitzer

Back 15

a Hungarian immigrant, who had bought the New York World in 1883, pioneered popular innovations, such as a large Sunday edition, comics, sports coverage, and women’s news.

Front 16

William Randolph Hearst

Back 16

purchased the New York Morning Journal in 1893. He sought to outdo Pulitzer by filling the Journal with exaggerated tales of personal scandals, cruelty, hypnotism, and even an imaginary conquest of Mars.

Front 17

Ashcan School

Back 17

led by Eakins’s student Robert Henri, painted urban life and working people with gritty realism and no frills. Was challenged by the European development known as abstract art, a direction that most people found difficult to understand.

Front 18

Mark Twain

Back 18

Samuel Langhorne Clemens, the novelist and humorist inspired a host of other young authors when he declared his independence of “literature and all the bosh.”

Front 19

Rural Free Delivary

Back 19

system that brought packages directly to every home.