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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5 Distinct Traits of Adaptive Immunity |
1. Specificity 2. Inducible 3. Clonal 4. Unresponsive to Self 5. Memory |
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Lymphocyte |
is a type of leukocyte - acts against specific antigens or pathogen - smallest wbc |
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B cells & T cells |
B cells - Arise & mature in bone marrow T cells - Arise in bone marrow, mature in thymus |
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Humoral Response |
Involves soluble antibodies (proteins) Acts against pathogens in body's blood & tissues (bacteria, fungi) (When antibodies respond to an infection) |
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Cell- Mediated Response |
Involves immune cell attack -attacks intracellular pathogens (viruses etc) |
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Immune disorders occur when |
Adaptive immunity attacks self |
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The lymphatic system |
is a surveillance system for the body, waiting for infection |
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Antigens |
are immune triggering parts of a pathogen |
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Allergic Reaction |
The immune system can be triggered by harmless antigen (not pathogen) |
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(Traits) For an antigen to provoke immune response, one must consider... |
Shape, Size, Complexity |
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Epitope (Antigenic determinant) |
3D shape of antigen of the pathogen - Determines & triggers the immune response |
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Exogenous Antigen |
Toxins or secretions from the pathogen -components of bacterial CW, cell membrane, flagella, pili) |
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Endogenous Antigen |
From protozoa, fungi, bacteria, & viruses that reproduce in the body |
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AutoAntigen (Self Antigen) |
Derive from body's normal cell processes Immune system is self-tolerant |
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B lymphocytes (B cells) |
-In the germinal centers of lymph nodes & in spleen and MALT -They secrete antibodies -Develop antibodies, only against a specific epitope |
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BCR |
thousands of proteins on surface of B cell -Type of immunoglobin (antibody) -Divide & produce offspring that secrete antibodies to that pathogenic antigen |
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IgG |
*Most common & longest lasting antibody in blood *very small *Can cross placenta to protect fetus *Functions in complement activation, opsonization, neutralization, ADCC |
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IgE |
*Allergic reactions as triggers, mast cells to activate *Triggers eosinophils to secrete antiparasitic chemical |
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IgD |
just know it exists |
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IgA |
*Secretions *protects baby via mothers milk (passive immunity) * in mucous membranes (tears, saliva, mucous) |
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IgM |
*most effective Complement activation * 1st antibody produced when you get an infection * triggers inflammation, agglutination, & neutralization |
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Class switching |
B cell switches to making IgG |
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TCR vs BCR |
* TCR has 2 glycopolypeptide chains (BCR has 4) *Do not bind epitopes directly like BCR do *Epitope must associate w MHC for TCR to bind epitope |
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T lymphocytes |
-act against body cells w intracellular pathogens & cancer cells -do not secrete antibodies -acts directly against pathogen with cell-mediated response |
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Types of T Cells |
Cytotoxic (Tc) Helper (Th) Regulatory (Tr) |
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Tc |
Directly kills other cells (cells infected w viruses, intracellular bacteria, & cancer cells) |
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Th |
Assist in regulating activity of B Cells & Tc Cells -Provides signals & growth factors -secrete cytokines (proteins messengers that regulate immune system) |
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Th1 |
assist Tc cells & macrophages |
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Th2 |
work with B cells |
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Tr |
Repress immune system & prevent autoimmune disease -also signal by release of cytokines -mechanism not understood |
