Ch. 16

Front 1

Phages

Back 1

A bacteriophage: a virus capable of infecting a bacterial cell, and may cause lysis to its host cell.

Front 2

Mismatch repair

Back 2

correct mistakes when DNA is synthesized

Front 3

Double helix

Back 3

The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape

Front 4

semiconservative model repair

Back 4

Two parental strands separate and each functions as a template for a complementary strand

Front 5

origins of relplication

Back 5

A specific sequence of bases in a nucleic acid molecule to which the enzymes responsible for replicating the nucleic acid bind to initiate the copying process.

Front 6

replication fork

Back 6

A Y-shaped point on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.

Front 7

DNA polymerase

Back 7

An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.

Front 8

leading strand

Back 8

The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' to 3' direction

Front 9

lagging strand

Back 9

A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.

Front 10

DNA ligase

Back 10

A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3' end of a new DNA fragment to the 5' end of a growing chain.

Front 11

Primer

Back 11

An already existing short RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.

Front 12

primase

Back 12

short pre-existing polynucleotide chain towhich new deoxyribonucleotides can be added by dNA polymerase

Front 13

helicase

Back 13

enzymes that unwind the double helix to expose the template; creates the bubble

Front 14

nuclease

Back 14

cuts out damaged DNA

Front 15

excision

Back 15

corrects accidental changes that occur in existing DNA