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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cognition, or thought, entails the abilities of .... , .... , and ..... stimuli. |
1. attending to 2. identifying 3. making meaningful responses to |
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Unlike thought in other animals, humans have the added advantage of ...., which adds .... to thought. |
1. language 2. flexibility |
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The .... is the basic unit of thought. |
neuron |
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Describe the most important way in which human thought differs from thinking in other animals. |
Much of human thought is verbal. Language allows us to categorize information and provides a way to organize our behavior around time. |
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The association cortex contains ... and functions to produce .... |
1. knowledge 2. cognition |
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As a general rule, the .... lobes generate knowledge about objects, whereas the .... lobes produce various forms of spatial cognition. |
1. temporal 2. parietal |
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The frontal lobes function not only to make movements but also to .... and to ..... |
plan movements and organize behavior over time |
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.... neurons in the frontal and parietal lobes represent actions, one's own or those of others. |
Mirror |
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Describe the function of multimodal cortex. |
Multimodal cortex allows the brain to combine characteristics of stimuli across different sensory modalities, whether we encounter them together or separately. |
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The right hemisphere plays a role in ... and ... |
spatial behavior and music |
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The left hemisphere plays a role in ... and .... |
controlling voluntary movement sequences and language |
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The split-brain results from cutting apart the .... |
corpus callosum |
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Why does it matter that the two cerebral hemispheres process information differently? |
Because the hemispheres process information differently, they think differently. And the existence of language in the left hemisphere allows it to label computations and thus make inferences that the right cannot. |
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The two major contributors to organizational differences in individual brains are .... and .... |
sex and handedness |
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Differences in the cerebral organization of thinking are probably related to differences in the .... that underlie different types of cognitive processing. |
neural circuits |
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People who automatically experience sensations in more than one sensory modality are said to have.... |
synesthesia |
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What roles do gonadal hormones play in brain organization and function? |
Gonadal hormones influence brain development and shape neural circuits in adulthood. |
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Different concepts of intelligence include Spearman's ....., Gardner's ....., Guilford's concepts of .... and .... thinking, and Hebb's .... and ..... |
1. "g" factor or general intelligence 2. multiple intelligences 3. convergent and divergent 4. intelligence A and intelligence B |
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Each form of intelligence that humans possess is probably related to the brain's .... organization as well as its .... efficiency. |
1. structural 2. functional |
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No two brains are alike. They differ, for example, in ...., ...., and .... |
gyral patterns, cytoarchitectonics, vascular patterns, neurochemistry |
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Evidence that Hebb's intelligence A and intelligence B can be altered by experience is evidence of .... influences on brain organization. |
epigenetic |
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How might intelligence be related to brain activity? |
Both fMRI and ERP studies show that the efficiency of prefrontal-parietal circuits is related to standard measures of general intelligence. |
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Over the course of human evolution, one characteristic of sensory processing is that it has become more .... |
complex |
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.... is the mind's level of responsiveness to impressions made by the senses. |
consciousness |
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As relative human brain size and complexity have increased, so too has our degree of .... |
consciousness |
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Not all behavior is under conscious control. What types of behaviors are not conscious? |
Movements in which speed is critical, such as hitting a pitched ball, cannot be controlled consciously. |
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The development of noninvasive imaging techniques enabled cognitive psychologists to investigate the neural bases of thought in the "normal" brain, leading to the field called ... |
cognitive neuroscience |
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Imaging methods such as DTI and fcMRI are allowing researchers to develop a ...., a complete map of the complete structural and functional neural connections in the living human brain. |
brain connectome |
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Social neuroscience is an interdisciplinary field that seeks to understand how the brain mediates .... |
social interactions |
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Our attribution of mental states to others is known as .... |
theory of mind |
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Neuroeconomics seeks to understand the neural bases of .... |
decision making |
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List four general themes of social neuroscience research. |
understanding others, understanding oneself, self-regulation, social living |
