Ch. 15 Biotechnology

Front 1

Complimentary strand of DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the enzyme reverse transcriptase

Back 1

cDNA

(Complementary DNA)

Front 2

A DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell.

Back 2

Cloning Vector

Front 3

Set of methods that uses living cells to make many identical copies of a DNA fragment.

Back 3

DNA Cloning

Front 4

A DNA molecule that contains genetic material from more than one organism.

Back 4

Recombinant DNA

Front 5

Type of enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence.

Back 5

Restriction Enzyme

Front 6

An enzyme that uses mRNA as a template to make a strand of cDNA.

Back 6

Reverse Transcriptase

Front 7

Collection of cells that host different fragments of foreign DNA, often representing an organism's entire genome.

Back 7

DNA Library

Front 8

An organism's complete set of genetic material.

Back 8

Genome

Front 9

Method that rapidly generates many copies of a specific section of DNA without having to clone it in living cells.

Back 9

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Front 10

Short fragment of DNA labeled with a tracer; designed to hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest.

Back 10

Probe

Front 11

Technique that separates DNA fragments by size.

Back 11

Electrophoresis

Front 12

Method of determining the order of nucleotides in DNA.

Back 12

Sequencing

Front 13

Identifying an individual by analyzing the unique parts of his or her DNA.

Back 13

DNA Profiling

Front 14

The study of genomes

Back 14

Genomics

Front 15

One-nucleotide DNA sequence variation carried by a measurable percentage of a population.

Back 15

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)

Front 16

Process by which deliberate changes are introduced into an individual's genome.

Back 16

Genetic Engineering

Front 17

Organism who genome has been modified by genetic engineering

Back 17

Genetically modified organism (GMO)

Front 18

Refers to a genetically modified organism that carries a gene from a different species.

Back 18

Transgenic

Front 19

Idea of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race.

Back 19

Eugenics

Front 20

Treating a genetic defect or disorder by transferring a normal or modified gene into the affected individual.

Back 20

Gene Therapy

Front 21

Study of the comprehensive set of proteins produced by an organism or a cellular system.

Back 21

Proteomics

Front 22

Developing computational tools to analyze and interpret biological data.

Back 22

Bioinformatics

Front 23

Engineered microorganisms. Can produce medically important proteins and enzymes used in food manufacturing.

Back 23

Genetically modified bacteria

Front 24

Plants that are engineered to be disease resistant, improve yield, tolerate extreme environments, improve nutritional value and resist pesticides.

Back 24

Genetically Modified Plants

Front 25

Engineered animals to be used as medical research, improve higher yields or meat/dairy, or to create better quality of meats.

Back 25

Genetically modified animals

Front 26

Method of genetic engineering in which edits genomes. It removes a mutated gene and replaces it with normal genes.

Back 26

CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspersed short Palindromic repeats)