Ch 15

Front 1

Blood vessels divided into five groups

Back 1

Arteries

Arterioles

capillaries

venules

veins

Front 2

Arteries

Back 2

Carry blood away from the heart and towards the tissue

Front 3

Arterioles

Back 3

Are small subdivisions of the arteries they divide into capillaries

Front 4

Capillaries

Back 4

Are tiny, thin walled vessels that allow for exchange between systems. These exchanges occur between the blood and the body cells and between the blood and the air in the lung tissue. The capillaries connect the arterioles and venules.

Front 5

Venules

Back 5

Are small vessels that receive blood from the capillaries and begin to transport back toward the heart

Front 6

Veins

Back 6

Are vessels formed by the merger of venules. They continue Bloods transport until it is returned to the heart.

Front 7

Blood circuits

Back 7

Pulmonary and systemic

Front 8

The pulmonary circuit

Back 8

Delivers blood to the lungs, where some carbon dioxide is eliminated and oxygen is replaced.

Front 9

The systemic circuit

Back 9

Supplies nutrients and oxygen to all the tissues and carries waste materials away from the tissue for disposal

Front 10

The three tunics (coats) of arteries and veins

Back 10

The inner tunic

The middle tunic

The outer tunic

Elastic tissue between the inner and middle

Front 11

Inner tunic

Back 11

Endothelium

Front 12

Middle tunic

Back 12

Smooth muscle

Front 13

Outer tunic

Back 13

Connective tissue

Front 14

What is the largest artery

Back 14

Aorta

Front 15

The Aorta

Back 15

Is a thick walled vessel about the diameter of your thumb. It is one continuous artery, but it regions are named.

Front 16

The ascending aorta

Back 16

Extends upward and slightly to the right from the left ventricle. It lies within the pericardial sac.

Front 17

The aortic arch

Back 17

Curves from the right to the left and also extends posteriorly.

Front 18

The thoracic aorta

Back 18

Descends just anterior to the vertebral column posterior to the heart in the mediastinum

Front 19

The abdominal aorta

Back 19

Is the longest section of the aorta, beginning at the diaphragm and spanning the abdominal cavity.

Front 20

Together __________ make up the Descending aorta

Back 20

the thoracic and the abdominal aorta

Front 21

the aortic arch

Back 21

Located immediately passed the extending aorta, gives rise to three large branches.

Brachiocephalic artery

Left common carotid artery

Left subclavian artery

Front 22

Branches of the extending Aorta

Back 22

Two branches near the heart, called the left and right coronary arteries

Front 23

Branches of the descending aorta

Back 23

The thoracic aorta supplies branches to the chest wall and esophagus, the bronchi the lungs, and the muscle of the chest wall.

Front 24

The abdominal aorta

Back 24

Has unpaired branches, extending anteriorly and paired branches extending laterally

Front 25

Celiac trunk (unpaired brach of the abdominal aorta)

Back 25

Three branches

the left gastric artery

the splenic artery

the hepatic artery

Front 26

Superior mesenteric artery (unpaired branch abdominal aorta)

Back 26

Carries blood to most of the small intestines and to the first half of the large intestine.

Front 27

Inferior mesenteric artery

(unpaired branch of abdominal aorta)

Back 27

Second half of the large intestine

Front 28

Paired branches of abdominal aorta

Back 28

Intercostals

renal

gonadals

Front 29

abdominal aorta ends by

Back 29

Dividing into 2 common iliac arteries

Front 30

Forces that move substances in and out of the capillaries

Back 30

At the start of the capillary bed, blood pressure helps push material out of the blood. At the end of the capillary bed, osmotic pressure is the greater force and draws material into the blood.

Front 31

Amastomose

Back 31

A communication between two vessels.

Examples the mesenteric arches are made up of communications between branches of the vessels that supply blood to the intestinal tract.

Front 32

Systemic veins

Back 32

Are found near the surface the most important of the superficial veins are in the extremities and include the following the veins on the back of the hand and the front of the elbow.

cephalic

basilic

medium

Saphenous

Deep

Front 33

What makes up the superior vena cava?

Back 33

Union of the R&L brachiocephalic veins

Front 34

What forms the brachiocephalic vein?

Back 34

Union of the internal jugular and subclavian vein

Front 35

The inferior vena cava

Back 35

Is longer than the SVC and returns blood from areas below the diaphragm. Begins with the union of the two common iliac veins, and eventually return to the heart via the right atrium

Front 36

Hepatic portal system

Back 36

Carries blood from the abdominal organs to the liver to be processed before it returns to the heart

Front 37

What is the main process causing substances to move between cells and capillary blood?

Back 37

Diffusion

Front 38

Forces that move blood back to the heart

Back 38

Contraction of skeletal muscles

Valves in the veins

Breathing

Front 39

The Pulse

Back 39

The force of ventricular contractions starts a wave of increased pressure that begins at the heart and travels along the arteries. The wave

Front 40

Blood pressure

Back 40

Is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the vessels and is the force propelling blood to the tissues and back to the heart

Front 41

Factors that influence the pulse rate.

Back 41

Muscular activity being a newborn infant emotional disturbances increased temperature excessive secretion of the thyroid hormone

Front 42

Factors that affect blood pressure

Back 42

Total blood volume, cardiac output, resistance to blood flow, blood vessel complications and electricity.