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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how do psychologists define personality?
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- all the consistent ways in which the behavior of one person differs from that of others, especially in social situations
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what is psychodynamic theory?
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- relates personality to the interplay of conflicting forces within the individual, including unconscious ones
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who first proposed psychodynamic theory?
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- Freud
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what does the term psychoanalysis refer to?
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- Freud's method of explaining and dealing with personality, based on the interplay of conscious and unconscious forces
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catharsis (Freud's definition)
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- a release of pent-up emotional tension
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unconscious (Freud's definition)
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- the repository of memories, emotions, and thoughts, many of the illogical that affect our behavior even thought we cannot talk about them
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id
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- all our biological drives that demand immediate gratification
- ex. sex, hunger |
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ego
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- the rational, devision making aspect of the personality
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super-ego
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- the memory of rules and prohibitions we learned from our parents and the rest of society
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defense mechanisms
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- the ego defends itself against conflicts and anxieties by relegating unpleasant thoughts and impulses to the unconscious
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repression
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- motivated forgetting
- rejecting unacceptable thoughts, desires and memories and banishing them to the unconscious |
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denial
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- the refusal to believe info that provokes anxiety
- ex. "this can't be happening" |
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self actualization
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-the achievement of one's full potential
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unconditional positive regard
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- the complete, unqualified acceptance of another person as he or she is
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nomothetic approach
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- seeks general laws about various aspects of personality
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idiographic approach
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- intensive studies of individuals
- these conclusions apply to this one person and perhaps no one else |
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trait
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- a consistent, long-lasting tendency in behavior, such as shynesss, hostility or talkativeness
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trait approach to personality
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- people have consistent characteristics in their behavior
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neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to new experience
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the big five personality traits
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neuroticism
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- a tendency to experience unpleasant emotions frequently
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extraversion
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- a tendency to seek stimulation and to enjoy the company of other people
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agreeableness
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- a tendency to be compassionate toward others
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conscientiousness
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- a tendency to show self-discipline, to be dutiful, and to strive for achievement and competence
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open-ness to experience
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- tendency to enjoy new intellectual experiences and new ideas
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what is a standardized test
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-one that is administered according to rules that specify how to interpret the results
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MMPI
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- true-false questions intended to measure certain personality dimensions and clinical condition such as depression
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what are projective techniques
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- techniques designed to encourage people to project heir personality characteristics onto ambiguous stimuli
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rorschach inkblots
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- a projective technique bease on people's interpretations of 10 ambiguous inkblots
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TAT
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- the person is asked to make up a story for each picture, describing what events led up to a scene (picture) what is happening now, and what will happen in the future
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