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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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psychosis |
significant loss of contact with reality hallmark of schizophrenia |
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Epidemiology |
lifetime prevalence, age of father, country, onset age (males 18-25, women, 30-35) , gender (more males) |
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hallmark symptoms of schizophrenia |
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior |
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auditory hallucinations |
own internal dialogue...not processing it properly...don't understand it's themselves |
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delusions |
erroneous beliefs; fixed and firmly held despite clear contradictory evidence disturbance in the content of thought |
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Disorganized speech |
Failure to make sense despite conforming to semantic and syntactic rules of speech
Disturbance in form (not content) of thought |
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Disorganized behavior |
Impairment of goal-directed activity Occurs in areas of daily functioning Catatonia (abnormality of movement and behavior)and catatonia stupor (immobility) |
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Positive symptoms |
Excess or distortion in normal repertoire of behavior and experience Obvious (i.e. hallucinations, delusions, racing thoughts) |
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Negative symptoms |
Absence or deficit of normally present behaviors
(i.e. apathy, lack of emotion, poor or nonexistent social functioning) |
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Schizoaffective disorder |
schizophrenia + mood disorder |
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Delusional disorder |
not disorganized, but have delusional belief (eg: stockers) |
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Brief psychotic disorder |
lasts a few days |
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shared psychotic disorder |
someone has disorder/delusional belief and others follow (eg: Jonestown) |
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schizophreniform disorder |
6 month period of schizophrenic symptoms |
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Heritability of schizophrenia |
50% |
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Prevalence of schizophrenia |
1/100 (1%) |
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Causes |
Genetics + environment Prenatal exposure (infection, nutritional deficiencies, maternal stress, rhesus incompatibility, pregnancy/birth complications) |
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Neurodevelopmental perspective |
Brain lesion lies dormant until normal developmental changes occur
Changes expose problems resulting from this brain abnormality Developmental precursors may include variety of abnormalities |
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Brain abnormalities |
Decreased brain volume (grey matter loss), enlarged ventricles, frontal lobe dysfunction, reduced volume of the thalamus, abnormalities in temporal lobe areas
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Other biological factors implicated in schizophrenia |
glutamate and dopamine overall organization of cells in brain may be compromised (cytoarchitecture) |
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Neurocognition
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Neurocognitive deficits
Attentional and working memory deficits Eye-tracking dysfunctions & strange motor development |
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Psychosocial and Cultural Aspects
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Families and relapse, urban living immigration, cannabis abuse (4x as likely with chronic use)
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Pharmacological treatments
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First-generation antipsychotic drugs
Second-generation antipsychotics Side effects |
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Psychosocial treatments |
Family therapy, case mgmt (group homes), social-skills training, cognitive remediation, cognitive-behavioral therapy
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Aaron Beck |
Cognitive-behavioral therapist whose incremental successive experiments created "behavioral momentum" in schizophrenic pts. Pts snapped out of learned helplessness. |
