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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Patterns of inheritance |
isorders are classified based on whether they are autosomal or X-linked and whether they have a dominant or recessive |
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Gene |
Basic physical unit of heredity |
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Allele |
variant form of a gene |
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Homologous chromosome |
set of one maternal chromosome and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during meiosis |
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Dominant |
Always shows up if there is one |
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Recessive |
Need two to show the trait |
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Principle of segregation |
The two members of a gene pair (alleles) segregate (separate) from each other in the formation of gametes. Half the gametes carry one allele, and the other half carry the other allele. |
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Genotype |
genetic makeup of a cell, an organism, or an individual usually with reference to a specific characteristic under consideration. |
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Phenotype |
Physical trait |
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Homozygous |
genetic condition where an individual inherits the same alleles for a particular gene from both parents. |
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Heterozygous |
gene locus when its cells contain two different alleles of a gene |
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Principle of independent assortment |
describes how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop. |
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Incomplete dominance |
form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely expressed over its paired allele. |
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Codominance |
Codominance is a relationship between two versions of a gene. Individuals receive one version of a gene, called an allele, from each parent. If the alleles are different, the dominant allele usually will be expressed, while the effect of the other allele, called recessive, is masked. |
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Multiple alleles |
A series of three or more alternative alleles in a gene |
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Polygenic inheritance |
Polygenic inheritance occurs when one characteristic is controlled by two or more genes. Often the genes are large in quantity but small in effect. Examples of human polygenic inheritance are height, skin color, eye color and weight. |
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Linked genes |
When two genes are close together on the same chromosome, they do not assort independently and are said to be linked |
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X linked genes |
Due to gender |
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Nondisjunction |
the failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate normally during nuclear division, usually resulting in an abnormal distribution of chromosomes in the daughter nuclei. |
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Multifactorial/quantitative traits |
Stretch of DNA linked to or containing genes that are linked to disease with the ratio 2:1 |
