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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define organizational behavior (OB)
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a field of study devoted to understanding, explaining, and ultimately improving the attitudes and behaviors of individuals and groups in organizations
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Define human resource management
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Field of study that focus on the application of OB theories and principles in organizations
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Define strategic management
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Field of study that explores product choices and industry characteristics that affect and organization's profitability
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In the integrative model of OB, what are the two organizational mechanisms?
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-organizational structure - organizational culture |
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In the integrative model of OB, what are the 4 group mechanisms?
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- Leadership: styles & behaviors - Leadership: power & negotiation - Teams: processes & communication - Teams: characteristics & diversity |
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In the integrative model of OB, what are the 2 individual characteristics?
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- Ability - Personality & cultural values |
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In the integrative model of OB, what are the 5 individual mechanisms?
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- Job satisfaction - Stress - Motivation - Trust, justive, and ethics - Learning & decision making |
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In the integrative model of OB, what are the 2 primary individual outcomes?
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- Job performance - Organizational commitment |
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What factors affect the two primary outcomes of the integrative model of OB?
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the 5 individual mechanisms
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What are the 5 individual mechanisms affected by?
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- 2 individual characteristics - 4 group mechanisms - 2 organizational mechanisms |
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Define resource-based view
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Model that argues that rare and inimitiable resources help firms maintain competitive advantage
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What makes a resource valuable? two main headings, one with 3 sub-headings
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- Rare - Inimitable (history, numerous small decisions, socially complex resources) |
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Why do numerous small decisions contribute to people being inimitable as resources?
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People make many small decisions every day that are invisible to competitors (e.g., Apple is very cryptic when it comes to questions about their HR executive)
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Define socially complex resources
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Resources created by people like culture, trust, teamwork, and reputation. The source of the competitive advantage is known, but the method for replicating the advantage is unclear
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Why might firms that are good at OB tend to be more profitable?
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Good people are both rare and inimitable and therefore create a resource that is valuable for creating competitive advantage
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Why do so few companies do OB well?
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It is a complex array of several strategies. There is no "magic bullet" |
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Define the rule of one-eight
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One eighth of companies, or 12%, will actually do what is required to build profits by putting people first
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Define theory
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A collection of verbal and symbolic assertions that specify how and why variables are related, as well as the conditions in which they should (and should not) be related
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What are the four steps in the scientific method?
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--> theory --> hypotheses --> data --> verification -->
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Define hypothesis
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Written prediction that specifies relationships between variables
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How are correlations interpreted?
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r. Can be positive or negative. Range from 0 to 1 (perfect statistical relationship). The more compact the data, the stronger the correlation
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How is each of these levels of correlation viewed in terms of strength? 0.50 0.30 0.10 |
0.50: Strong 0.30: Moderate 0.10: Weak |
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What 3 things are required to establish causal inference?
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1. The two variables are correlated 2. The presumed cause precedes the presumed effect in time 3. No alternative explanation exists for the correlation (requires multiple experiments) |
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Define meta-analysis
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A method that combines the results of multiple scientific studies by essentially calculating a weighted average correlation across studies, with larger studies receiving more weight
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Define evidence-based management
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A perspective that scientific findings should form the foundation for management and education
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How does organizational behavior draw upon psychology? Sociology? Anthropology and economics? |
Psychology: personality, learning styles, leadership Sociology: team processes Anthropology/economics: culture and diversity |
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Group mechanisms: describe team processes |
How teams behave with regard to communication, cooperation, and conflict |
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Group mechanisms: describe leader power and influence |
process by which individuals gain power over other indivudals |
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Group mechanisms: describe leader styles and behaviors |
specific actions leaders take to influence others at work |
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How do organizational mechanisms influence group and individual mechanisms? |
They influence the environment in which work is done |
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Organizational mechanisms: describe organizational culture |
Shared rules, norms, and values that shape behavior for organizational employees |
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How does history make people inimitable ? |
They have a collective pool of wisdom, experience, and knowledge that benefits the organization |
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How do numerous small decisions make people inimitable? |
Big decisions are easy to copy. It is the small decisions that people make every day that make a difference |
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How are socially complex resources inimitable? |
Resources like culture, teamwork, trust, and reputation come from social dynamics in a given firm at a given time |
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What are the three components of the rule of one-eighth? |
1/2 don't view OB as important 1/2 make a single change 1/2 don't stick with the changes long enough to make a difference |
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define method of experience |
believe something is true because it is consistent with your experience |
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Define method of intuition |
Believe something is true because it seems obvious or self-evident |
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Define method of authority |
Believing something because a respected source has said it is so |
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Define method of science |
Believing something because scientific studies have replicated that result using a series of samples, methods, and models |
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Define data |
collection and observation of behaviors and outcomes related to the hypotheses |
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Define verification |
use of statistical methods to determine whether or not a hypothesis can be confirmed |
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Research on job performance and individual characteristics comes primarily from __________________ and _________________ _______________
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industrial and organizational psychology
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Research on satisfaction, emotions, and team processes comes from ___________________ _______________ |
social psychology
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____________________ research is vital to research on team characteristics and organizational structure
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sociology
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_____________ research helps inform the study of organizational culture
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anthropology
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___________ from __________ are used to understand motivation, learning, and decision making
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models from economics
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