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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cocci |
Bacteria that are roughly spherical in shape |
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Bacilli |
Rod-shaped bacteria |
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Coccobacilli |
Bacteria that are oval in shape |
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Vibrios |
Curved, rod-shaped bacteria |
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Hyphae |
Long multinucleated filaments |
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Mycelia |
Branched network of hypha |
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Spirilla |
Long rod-shaped that are twisted into rigid helices |
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Spirochetes |
Long rod-shaped bacteria that are twisted into flexible helices |
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Pleomorphic |
Term describing that are lacking a single characteristic shape and that are, therefore, variable in shape |
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Amphipathic |
Term describing structurally asymmetric lipids with polar and nonpolar ends |
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Hydrophilic |
Term describing molecules or regions of molecules that readily interact with water |
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Hydrophobic |
Term describing molecules or regions of molecules that are insoluble in water or otherwise do not readily interact with water |
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Peripheral (extrinsic) proteins |
Proteins that are loosely associated with a membrane and that can, therefore, be easily removed |
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Integral (intrinsic) proteins |
Proteins that are not easily extracted from membranes and that are insoluble in aqueous solutions when freed of lipids. |
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Protoplast |
Plasma membrane and everything contained within it. |
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Svedberg |
A unit of measure of the sedimentation velocity in a centrifuge. |
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Nucleoid |
The region of the prokaryotic cell in which the DNA is located; it is not bound by a membrane. |
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Plasmid |
A circular, double stranded DNA molecule in prokaryotes that can exist and replicate independently of the chromosome. |
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Periplasmic space |
A gap between the plasma membrane and the cell wall of bacteria. |
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Exoenzymes |
Enzymes that are secreted from the cell to aid in the aquisition and digestion of nutrients from the environment. |
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Osmosis |
Movement of water across selectively permeable membranes from dilute solutions (higher water concentration) to more concentrated solutions (lower water concentration). |
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Lysis |
Bursting of cells that occurs when cells are placed in hypotonic solutions so that water flows into the cell. |
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Plasmolysis |
Shrinkage of the plasma membrane away from the cell wall that occurs when cells are placed in hypertonic solutions so that water flows out of the cell. |
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Capsule |
Well-organized layer of material lying outside the cell wall that is not easily removed |
