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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sx suggesting heart disease
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1.trouble feeding
2.tachycardia 3.tachypnea 4.irritability 5.FTT 6.cyanosis |
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if you suspect pathologic murmur, you must get...
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1.ecg
2.echo |
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cyanosis
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bluish tinge of mm, skin, nail beds
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cyanosis: evident sooner if...
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1.high hb
2.decreased pH 3.increased pCO2 4.increased temperature 5.increased ratio of adult:fetal hb |
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determines presence of cyanosis
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absolute concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin
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cyanosis: causes
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1.cardiac
2.pulmonary 3.neurologic 4.hematologic |
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cyanotic infant: preliminary goal
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etiology = cardiac / noncardiac?
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how do you check for differential cyanosis?
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check preductal v. postductal O2 sats
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T/F: hyperoxia test may indicate if cyanosis is cardiac in origin
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true
PaO2 > 250 = r/o cardiac dz |
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unstable CHD babies: start what medication?
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PGE1
maintains patent PDA |
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truncus arteriosus: associated w/what disease?
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diGeorge's
velocardiofacial syndrome |
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biventricular hypertrophy on ecg
pulse pressure widened cardiomegaly R aortic arch dx? |
truncus arteriosus
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most common form of cyanotic CHD presenting in neonates
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transposition
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transposition:
aorta = anterior/posterior? pulmonary = anterior/posterior? |
aorta = anterior
pulmonary = posterior |
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transposition: cyanosis at birth / later ?
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severe cyanosis at birth
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transposition: tx
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surgery: arterial switch in 1st wk of life
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transposition: medication that must be given immediately. why?
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PGE1 (keep patent PDA)
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most common CHD in childhood
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TOF
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episodes of cyanosis, rapid deep breathing, agitation
dx? |
TOF
"tet" spells (resolves on own) |
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TOF: tx
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surgery in first 3-6 mos
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WPW: associated w/what valvular abnlity>?
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ebstein anomaly
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RAE
cyanosis, CHF (1st few days) widely fixed split S2 gallop rhythm |
ebstein anomaly
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delta wave
short PR interval |
ebstein anomaly
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WPW: Tx
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propranolol (prevent SVT)
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ebstein anomaly: tx
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all attempts to avoid surgery
heart transplant staged palliation Fontan circulation |
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most common lesion in rheumatic heart disease
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mitral regurg
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most common finding in bacterial endocarditis
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fever
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myocarditis: most common cause in developed world
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viral (coxsackie B, echovirus)
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HPI: fever, dyspnea, fatigue, CP
PE: tachycardia, S3 ECG: ST-segment depression, T-wave inversion, low voltage ECHO: dilated ventricles, pericardial effusion dx? |
myocarditis
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myocarditis: dx confirmation
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1.viral cx
2.pcr 3.endomyocardial bx |
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myocarditis: tx
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1.supportive
2.IVIG 3.steroids |
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T/F: myocarditis can cause fulminant CHF + arrhythmia.
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true
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myocarditis: px
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depends on extent of damage to myocardium
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dilated cardiomyopathy: most common causes
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1.idiopathic!
2.neuromuscular (Duchenne) 3.drug toxicity (anthracycline) |
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dilated cardiomyopathy: what is it?
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myocardial dysfunction
ventricular dilation |
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HPI: dyspnea, orthopnea, PND
PE: S3, murmur (mitral regurg), edema ECG: broad QRS, nonspecific ST-, T-wave ischemic changes ECHO: poor ventricular fxn dx? |
dilated cardiomyopathy
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pulsus alternans:
what is it? dx? |
beat-to-beat variability in pulse magnitude
dilated cardiomyopathy |
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dilated cardiomyopathy: tx
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1.fluid restriction
2.diuretics 3.inotropic agents 4.vasodilators 5.anticoagulants 6.transplant |
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dilated cardiomyopathy: use antiarrhythmics?
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only for fatal ventricular arrhythmias
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hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: diastolic / systolic dysfxn?
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diastolic dysfxn
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hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: inheritance pattern
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autosomal dominant
incomplete penetrance |
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hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: what is it?
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ventricular septum thickened
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hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: tx
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1.Ca2+ channel blockers
2.beta-adrenergic blockers (negative inotropic agents) (no competitive sports) |
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peripheral pulmonary stenosis: age at presentation
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neonate (birth-2 mos)
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peripheral pulmonary stenosis: best heard...
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L) upper sternal border, radiating to back
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venous hum: cause
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turbulent flow in jv/svc systems
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