Certified Sommelier Study

Front 1

What is Marl Soil?

Back 1

A calcareous soil that is chalky, lime

Front 2

Define Ausbruch.

Back 2

A sweet Austrian wine between Beerenauslese and TBA

Front 3

Name 2 regions of Austria

Back 3

(First 3 most important)

Wachau,

Kamptal,

Kremstal,

Traisental,

Donauland,

Thermenregion,

Neuisedlersee-Hugelland,

Wien,

Wienviertel,

Carnuntum,

Weinbaugebiet,

Neusiedlersee,

Mittelbugenland,

Sudburgenland

Front 4

Name 2 red grapes of Austria.

Back 4

Zweigelt,

Blaufrankisch (Lemberger),

St. Laurent,

Blauburgunder (P. Noir),

Blauportugieser,

Cabernet Sauvignon

Front 5

Name 2 white grapes of Austria.

Back 5

Gruner Veltliner,

Riesling,

Sauvignon Blanc,

Weissburgunder (P. Blanc),

Grauburgunder (P. Gris),

Scheurebe,

Chardonnay,

Muller-Thurgau

Front 6

Define Moelleaux

Back 6

Botrytis

Front 7

Name an AOP/AOC in Loire known for sweet wines besides Vouvray.

Back 7

-Coteaux du Layon,

-Chaume Coteaux du Layon

Front 8

Name the Premier Cru of Coteaux du Layon

Back 8

Appelation Chaume Premier Cru Controlee

Front 9

State the minimum sur lie aging for vintage Champagne.

Back 9

3 years.

Front 10

State the minimum sur lie aging for NV Champagne.

Back 10

18 months.

Front 11

Define "Tete du Cuvee"

Back 11

Producers best blend in Champagne. The "head" cuvee.

Front 12

Describe the official classification of Pomerol.

Back 12

There is none, officially.

Front 13

What are the two most important AOPs of the right bank of Bordeaux?

Back 13

Pomerol & St. Emilion

Front 14

Name a sparkling wine AOP of Loire.

Back 14

Cremant de Loire,

Rose de Loire,

Vouvray Mousseaux

Front 15

Name the best soil in Chablis.

Back 15

Kimmeridgian soil...chalk.

Front 16

Describe the typical style of Alsace wines.

Back 16

Dry, crisp, higher alcohol than German counterparts.

Front 17

Name the important white grapes of Bordeaux AOP.

Back 17

Semillon,

Sauvignon Blanc,

Muscadelle

Front 18

Name the primary grape of Cahors

Back 18

Malbec

Front 19

State the Noble Grapes of the Alsace (4 +1)

Back 19

Riesling,

Gewurztraminer,

Pinot Gris (Tokay d'Alsace),

Muscat,

Sylvaner (Zoztenburg vineyard only)

Front 20

Define "Vendange Tardive"

Back 20

Late Harvest.

Front 21

White Grand Cru Vineyard of Cotes de Nuits.

Back 21

Musigny

Front 22

Name a synonym for Muscadet.

Back 22

Melon de Bourgogne

Front 23

Name a sub-region of Bordeaux with a classification for whites.

Back 23

Graves -> Sauternes.

Front 24

Name the sparkling wine of Burgundy

Back 24

Cremant de Bourgogne

Front 25

Name 2 AOPs for sweet wine in Bordeaux

Back 25

Sauternes (Graves),

Barsac (Graves),

Cerons (Graves),

Ste-Croix-du-Mont (in Entre-deux-Mers),

Cadillac (Entre-deux-Mers),

Loupiac (Entre-deux-Mers)

Front 26

Name the famous sparkling wine of the Languedoc.

Back 26

Cremant de Limoux

Front 27

State the main labeling difference between the Alsace & the rest of France

Back 27

Alsace is by Varietal vs France by place

Front 28

Define Marl Soil

Back 28

A calcareous soil. With lime and chalk.

Front 29

Define "selection de grains nobles"

Back 29

Dessert wine from Botrytis

Front 30

State the rough geographic location of Jura & Savoie.

Back 30

French Alps near Swiss border. East of Burgundy.

Front 31

Best Sub-Region of Graves

Back 31

Pessac-Leognan (Chateau la Mission Haut-Brion is there)

Front 32

Name the subregions of Burgundy (6) North to South.

Back 32

Chablis (Closer to Champagne),

Cote de Nuits,

Cote de Beaune,

Cote Chalonnaise,

Maconnais,

Beaujolais

Front 33

Ancient vine system used in Rhone & Southern Italy that resembles a Goblet

Back 33

Gobelet System

Front 34

Head vs Cordon Training.

Back 34

Cordon has at least one cane that becomes an "arm" of the trunk. Uses wire trellising.

Head has just a stump or head, uses a simple steak.

Front 35

What is mass selection or "selection massale"?

Back 35

Grower selects budwood (scion) from vineyard for replanting, different from specific clonal selection. Creates broader genetic diversity, grafted usually to the American vine vitis riparia.

Front 36

State the difference between microclimate, mesoclimate and macroclimate.

Back 36

macro is regional,

meso are small, single vineyard

micro is VERY small in the vine canopy. Usually misused in place of mesoclimate.

Front 37

Approximately how many inches of rainfall per year do vines need to produce and adequate crop?

Back 37

20-30 inches

Front 38

Degree Days:

Region I

Region II

Region III

Region IV

Region V

and dates in the Northern Hemisphere

Back 38

April 1-October 31 over 50 degrees F

I - <2,500

II- 2,500-3,000

III- 3,000-3,500

IV- 3,500-4000

V- >4,000

Front 39

What is Vendange?

Back 39

Harvest

Front 40

What is "Shatter" or Coulure?

Back 40

When a grape cluster fails to fully develop due to lack of pollination or if the small berries fall off.

Front 41

In the Northern hemisphere, what month does budbreak occur?

Southern Hemisphere?

Back 41

Late February to early March

September in the Southern Hemisphere

Front 42

What flavors does pyrazine contribute to a wine.

Back 42

Green peppers, jalapeno, vegetal characteristics.

Huge in Gruner Veltliner and Sauv Blanc.

Front 43

What is Veraison?

Back 43

2nd stage of the grapes development. It is the "onset of ripening" when reds start to get color.

Front 44

What are the "shoot apical meristems" (SAM)?

Back 44

The area of growth in the vine where cells are actively dividing.

Front 45

Name 3 miscellaneous grapevine diseases & disorders.

Back 45

Berry Rot - Yeast

Black Measles - Wood Rot - Fungal

PSCA (apoplexy) - Wood Rot (like black measles)

Fasciation - Genetic

Little Leaf - Zinc Deficiency

Oxidant Stipple - Ozone

Rupestris speckle - physiological

Stem necrosis - physiological

Chorosis - Iron deficiency

Front 46

Name the 2 Fungal Grapevine Diseases.

Back 46

Altenarian rot,

Angular Leaf Spot,

Angular Leaf Scorch,

Anthracnose/Bird's Eye Rot,

Armillaria Root Rot (Shoestring),

Aspergillus rot,

Botrytis

Front 47

What Disease is vectored by the Glassy Winged Sharpshooter

Back 47

Pierce's disease - Bacterial desease. Gel forms in Xylem, cutting off water flow within plant

Front 48

Name 3 bacterial diseases of grapevines.

Back 48

Happy Disease - bacterial necrosis

Crown Gall - causes galls (balls of tissue)

Pierce's Disease - gel cuts of water flow within xylem

Front 49

Describe the Solera system.

Back 49

Blending method where old wine is introduced to new in barrel. No more than 1/3 of the barrel volume.

Front 50

State the aging requirements of Rioja for Joven, Crianza, Reserva & Gran Reserva

Back 50

Joven (young) - less than 2 years

Crianza (nurture) - RED: min 2 years, w/6 mo in cask; White/Rosado: 18 mo, w/6 mo cask

Reserva - RED: min 3 years, 1 yr in cask; White/Rosado: 2 years w/6 mo in cask

Gran Reserva - RED min 5 years, 18 mo in cask; White/Rosado: 4 yrs w/6 mo in cask

Front 51

Name the 3 white grape varietals of Sherry.

Back 51

Palomino (Listan),

Pedro Ximenez,

Moscatel (Muscat of Alexandria)

Front 52

Name the principal town of Sherry

Back 52

Jerez

Front 53

Name the 3 sub-zones of the Rioja

Back 53

Rioja Alta (High)

Rioja Alvesa (From Alava)

Rioja Baja (Drop)

Front 54

Name the major 2 red grapes and 2 white grapes of Rioja & Navarra.

Back 54

Red: Tempranillo & Garnacha

also- Graciano, Mazuelo (Carignane/Carinena)

White: Viura (Macabeo) & Malvasia

also- Garnacha Blanca

Front 55

Define Grandes Pagos

Back 55

A single estate wine. Pagos = vineyards or zone

Front 56

Name 2 DOCa regions

Back 56

Rioja DOCa & Priorat DOCa (Priorat DOQ in Catalan)

Front 57

Name the quality levels of Spanish wine.

Back 57

1. Vino de Mesa (VdM)

2. Vino de la Tierra (VdlT)

3. Vino de Calidad Con Indicacion Geographica (VCIG)

4. Denominacion de Origen (DO)

5. Denominacion de Origen Calificada (DOCa)

6. Denominacion de Pagos (DOP)

Front 58

What region produces the majority of Cava DO wines?

Back 58

Penedes

Front 59

What is the principal white grape of Rueda?

Back 59

Verdejo

Front 60

What is the dominant white grape of Rias Baixas?

Back 60

Albarino

Front 61

What white wines are authorized in Ribera del Duero DO?

Back 61

None. All Red or Rosado.

Front 62

Are all Cava DO wines produced by the traditional method? If not, what are the exceptions?

Back 62

Yes, they all are.

Front 63

What is the principal red grape of Rioja?

Back 63

Tempranillo

Front 64

What is the appellation of Vega Sicilia? What is unique about Vega Sicilia

Back 64

Ribera del Duero.

It is one of the most famous producers in spain. Planting Cab Sauv and Merlot in the late 1800s, which are still used today.

Front 65

What sort of casks are Rioja traditionally aged in?

Back 65

American oak casks.

Front 66

What Spanish region is characterized by licorella soils? (black slate and quartzite)

Back 66

Priorat

Front 67

What is "Doble Pasta"?

Back 67

Red Spanish wines with twice the normal amount of grape skins and pulp during maceration. normally used to strengthen weaker blends.

Front 68

What is a synonym for Viura?

Back 68

Macabeo

Front 69

What is a synonym for Cincibel?

Back 69

Tempranillo

Front 70

What is a synonym for Listan?

Back 70

Palomino

Front 71

What is a synonym for Monastrell?

Back 71

Mourvedre

Front 72

What is a synonmy for Mazuelo?

Back 72

Carignan, Carinena

Front 73

What is the appellation of Clos Mogador?

Back 73

Priorat

Front 74

What is Aguardiente?

Back 74

A neutral brandy of grapes af about 70% ABV

Front 75

State the 4 quality levels of Italian Wine.

Back 75

1. VdT - Vino da Tavola

2. IGT - Indicazione Geografica Tipica

3. DOC - Denominazione di Origine Controllata

4. DOCG - Denominazione di Origine Controllata Garantita (HAS SEAL)

Front 76

In relation to Port, what is a "pipe"?

Back 76

550L traditional port cask. Hogs-head.

Front 77

Define Rainwater Madeira.

Back 77

A soft "Verdelho-style" created in the 18th century. Really made with Tinta Negra. Medium dry.

Front 78

Describe the Estufagem Process

Back 78

Process to create Madeira, large vessels heat wine to 120 degrees F for 6-12 months.

Front 79

Name the 4 most important grapes of Madeira and their styles.

Back 79

Sercial - direst style, high acidity and citrus notes, some almond notes later. Aperitif. 40-45 g/L sugar

Verdelho- Medium dry, high acid, smoky/honeyed character. More body than Sercial

Boal - Medium Sweet, rich style. Still acidic. Chocolate, roasted nut, coffee. Dark color.

Malvasia (Malmsey) - Sweetest, softest style. Toffee, vanilla, marmalade.

Front 80

What is a lagar?

Back 80

Rectangular trough used to stomp grapes by foot for port. Made of concrete, normally.

Front 81

Describe the difference between Vintage & Tawny Port.

Back 81

Vintage: Declared only in exceptional harvests, single vintage aged in cask before bottled July 30 of 3rd year.

Tawny: regular - no aging necessary, Reserve - 7 years aged from several vintages, Age indication - approximate age, as they are continually topped off with many ages.

Front 82

What are the two main cities in Portugal where Port has historically been aged.

Back 82

Oporto

Villa Nova de Gaia

Front 83

Name 2 red grapes of Austria.

Back 83

Zweigelt,

Blaufrankisch (Lemberger),

St. Laurent,

Blauburgunder (P. Noir),

Blauportugieser,

Cabernet Sauvignon

Front 84

The White Grand Cru Vineyard of Cotes de Nuits

Back 84

Musigny

Front 85

What is the best soil in Chablis?

Back 85

Kimmeridian soil. CHALKY!

Front 86

What are the two most important AOCs of the Right Bank of Bordeaux?

Back 86

Pomerol (Chateaux Petrus, Vieux-Chateau-Certain, Chateau Lafleur, Chateaux Le Pin, Chateau Trotonoy)

St. Emilion (Chateau Cheval Blanc)

Front 87

Name 3 importand Red Port Grapes & White Port Grapes.

Back 87

Red:

Touriga Nacional,

Touriga Francesa (Touriga Franca),

Tinto Roriz (Tempranillo),

Tinto Cao,

Tinta Baraco,

Bastardo

White:

Gouveio,

Malvasia Fina,

Viosinho,

Rabigato,

Esgana,

Cao,

Folgasao

Front 88

Name 1 anbaugebiete that is important for red wines.

Back 88

Rheingau,

Ahr Valley,

Baden (Pinot Noir...Fruhburgunder--a mutation of PN),

Wurttemberg (70% red grapes. Trollinger/Schiava. Lemberger/Blaufrankisch, Schwarzriesling/Meunier)

Front 89

Define Edelfaule

Back 89

Noble Rot

Front 90

Define "bocksbeutel" and state where it is commonly found.

Back 90

A pear shaped bottle used in the Franken region of Germany.

Front 91

Define Liebfraumilch and state where it is commonly made/found.

Back 91

"Our lady's milk" an inexpensive white blend that is made mostly in the Rheinhessen & Pfalz (but can source from Rheinhessen, Nahe, Rheinga & Pfalz). Heavily Muller-Thurgau, but cannot have a varietal name on the label.

Front 92

What cross of Grapes is Muller-Thurgau?

Back 92

Riesling & Chasselas

Front 93

What is Grauburgunder?

Back 93

Pinot Gris

Front 94

What is Weissburgunder?

Back 94

Pinot Blanc

Front 95

What is Spatburgunder?

Back 95

Pinot Noir

Front 96

Define "Sussreserve".

Back 96

Sweet, sterilized grape juice used to sweeten wines.

Front 97

Define "Erstes Gewachs".

Back 97

First Growth (German). Dry wines from specific sites in Rheingau.

Front 98

State the 6 pradikat levels for QmP wines from driest to sweetest. Bonus: Give Oechsle scale for each.

Back 98

Kabinett - 70-85 Oe;

Spatlese - 80-95 Oe;

Auslese - 88-105 Oe;

Beerenauslese (BA) - 110-128 Oe;

Eiswein - 110 - 128 Oe;

Trockenbeerenauslese (TBA) - 150-154 Oe

Front 99

What is the Oechsle scale?

Back 99

Similar to Brix. One degree corresponds to one gram the difference betweeen the mass of one litre of must at 20 degrees Celcius and 1 kg. THIS IS NOT RS.

Front 100

State the 4 quality levels of German wine

Back 100

1. Tafelwein - Table Wine

2. Landwein - Regional Wine

3. QbA - Qualitatswein bestimmter Anbaugebiet (Quality Wines Specified Regions)

4. QmP - Qualitatswein mit Pradikat (Quality Wine with Predicate)

Front 101

Define Anbaugebiete & name 4 of them. There are 14.

Back 101

Regions of Germany:

Mosel-Saar-Ruwer,

Rheingau,

Rehinhessen,

Pfalz,

Nahe,

Ahr Valley,

Franken,

Mittelrhein,

Baden,

Wurttemberg,

Hessische,

Bergtrasse,

Saal-Unstrut,

Sachsen

Front 102

Define "Aszu Eszencia"

Back 102

"Dry Essence", sweetest Tokaji Dessert wine, and sweetest in the world. Over 6 Puttonyos. 500-700g/l, but can exceed 900 g/l.

Front 103

Name 2 grapes of Tokaji.

Back 103

Furmint,

Harslevelu,

Muskatoly (Muscat Ottonel,

Oremus

Front 104

Describe the style of Eger and name 2 grapes.

Back 104

Dark wine from Hungary.

Grapes:

Kadarka,

Kekfrankos,

Cabernet Franc,

Cabernet Sauvignon,

Merlot,

Kekoporto

Front 105

State the meaning of Ripasso.

Back 105

Literally "repassed"; in Veneto, young Valpolicella is put into tanks with lees from previous Amarone (means "the great bitter") fermentation, causing secondary fermentation and increasing alcohol %, giving it a Recioto (straw wine) feel, yet being dry.

Front 106

What is Recioto?

Back 106

Dessert wine, where the grapes are dried on straw mats. A sweet Passito style wine.

Front 107

State the difference between Amarone & Recioto

Back 107

Both passito "straw wines" that are dried to concentrate juice.

Amarone is dry.

Recioto is sweet.

Front 108

Name the grape(s) & style of Vermentino di Gallora

Back 108

Dry white wine made from Vermentino grape.

Front 109

State the type of wine--and main grapes used--from Marsala DOC & where it is made.

Back 109

Fortified wine made in Sicily made with Grillo, Inzolia and Catarratto white varietals.

Front 110

Name the main grape grown on Mount Vulture in Basilica.

Back 110

Aglianico. A black grape grown heavily in Basilicata and Campania.

Front 111

Name the grape of Apulia (Puglia) that has a USA connection.

Back 111

Primitivo, has close genetic ties to Zinfandel.

Front 112

Name the grapes and style of Taurasi DOCG.

Back 112

Dry red wines of Aglianico made in Campania.

Front 113

Name the grapes and style of Fiano d'Avellino DOCG.

Back 113

Dry white wines of Fiano grapes.

Front 114

Name the Grape(s) & style of Montepulciano d'Abruzzo.

Back 114

Dry, fruity red wine made from Montepulciano grapes.

Front 115

Name grapes and style of Frascati DOCG.

Back 115

Dry white from Trebbiano & Malvasia.

Front 116

State the meaning of "Classico" in Italian wines.

Back 116

Best area in a given region.

Example: Soave Classico, Chianti Classico

Front 117

How many wine regions are there in Italy? 3 most famous?

Back 117

20 regions (north to south with Capitals in parenthesis)!

Valle d'Aosta,

Piedmonte (Turin),

Lombardy (Milan),

Trentino Alto Adige (Trento),

Veneto (Verona),

Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Trieste),

Emilia Romagna (Parma & Bologna),

Liguria,

Tuscany (Florence),

Marche (Ancona),

Umbria,

Lazio (Rome)

Pescara (Abruzzo),

Sardegna (Sassari, Cagliari),

Molise,

Campania (Naples),

Puglia/Apulia (Bari),

Basilicata,

Calabria,

Sicily (Palermo, Catania)

Front 118

State the meaning of frizzante.

Back 118

semi-sparkling

Front 119

State the meaning of spumante.

Back 119

Full sparkling.

Front 120

State the meaning of "amabile".

Back 120

Semi-sweet. (Italy)

Front 121

State the meaning of abboccato.

Back 121

Medium Dry. (Italy)

Front 122

State the meaning of asciutto or secco.

Back 122

Dry. (Italy)

Front 123

State the most widely planted grape in Piedmonte.

Back 123

Barbera.

Front 124

State THE grape of Gavi.

Back 124

Cortese.

Front 125

Name one region where German & Italinian grapes are common.

Back 125

Alto Adige.

Front 126

Main grape of Valtellina (Lombardia).

Back 126

Nebbiolo

Front 127

Describe the Goria Laws.

Back 127

Created in 1992 for IGT (springboard for DOC), tightened reserva rules, modified vineyard zones.

Front 128

Name the main grape of Soave.

Back 128

Garganega (70%). The other 30% can come from Trebbiano di Soave (Verdicchio or Nestrano). Different from Trebbiano Toscano

Front 129

Name the main grapes of Valpolicella (3 of 9)

Back 129

Corvina Veronese,

Rondinella,

Molinara,

Corvinone,

Rossignola,

Negrara,

Barbera,

Sangiovese,

Bigolona

Front 130

Name Italy's first white DOCG.

Back 130

Romagna Albana DOCG. Emilia-Romagna region, east of Piedmonte.

Front 131

name Italy's ONLY Metodo Tradizionale Sparkling DOCG.

Back 131

Franciacorta DOCG.

Front 132

State a red DOCG of Tuscany other than Chianti & name the grape.

Back 132

- Brunello di Montalcino DOCG: Sangiovese (locally known as Brunello) 100%

-Carmignano DOCG: Sangiovese w/up to 10% Cab Sauv

-Vino Nobile di Montalcino DOCG: 70% Sangiovese, with 10-20% Canaiolo, some Merlot, Syrah. Can be 100% Sangiovese. No Cabernet Sauvignon.

Front 133

State the non-traditional grape of the first "Super Tuscans".

Back 133

Cabernet Sauvignon.

Front 134

State the production & style of Vin Santo

Back 134

"Holy Wine" made with passito Trebbiano & Malvasia grapes, dried in rafters, aged a minimum of 3 years and up to 8 years in small wooden barrels, never topped.. Sweet or dry and some oxidation.

Front 135

Name one of the DOCs created to include the Super Tuscans.

Back 135

Bolgheri's Sant'Antimo DOC, created in 1996.

Front 136

Name the ONLY white wine DOCG in Tuscany.

Back 136

Vernaccia di San Gimignano

Front 137

Name 2 DOCG zones within Chianti. There are 9

Back 137

Chianti,

Chianti Classico,

Chianti Rufina,

Chianti Colli Fiorentini,

Chianti Colli Senesi,

Chianti Montalano,

Chianti Colline Pisane,

Chianti Colli Aretini,

Chianti Motespertoli

Front 138

What are anthocyanins.

Back 138

Pigments in black grapes that give them their color. Natural antioxidant.

Front 139

Describe Barolo Chinato DOCG

Back 139

Barolo DOCG flavored with quinine. Cappellano is the standard bearer.

Front 140

State the aging requirements of Barolo & Barolo Riserva.

Back 140

Barolo - 38 months, 18 in barrel from Nov 1st of harvest year.

Barolo Riserva - 62 months, 18 in barrel. " "

Front 141

Name the most famous sparkling wine of Piedmonte and it's grape.

Back 141

Moscato d'Asti DOCG - Moscato

Also Brachetto d'Acqui DOCG - Brachetto

Front 142

State the zones & style of Txakoli DO.

Back 142

Getariako Txakolina, Bizkaiko Txakolina & Arabako Txakolina.

Light, acidic reds & whites. Drink young!

Front 143

What is the most important grape of Rias Baixas?

Back 143

Albarino.

Front 144

State the DO of Vega Sicilia.

Back 144

Ribera del Duero DO.

Front 145

Name the 2 most important grapes of Ribera del Duero.

Back 145

Tempranillo

Garnacha

(Some Bordeaux varietals as well)

Front 146

Name Spain's sparkling DO & the grapes (8)

Back 146

Cava DO:

Macabeu (Macabeo, Viura),

Xarel-Lo,

Parellada,

Chardonnay,

Pinot Noir,

Garnacha Tinata,

Monastrell,

Trepat

malvasia (Subirat)

Front 147

What is the most important grape of Priorat?

Back 147

Garnacha.

Front 148

Name the 3 most important grapes of Douro.

Back 148

Touriga Nacional,

Tinta Roriz (Tempranillo),

Tinta Barraca

Front 149

What are the recommended red grapes of Vinho Verde?

Back 149

Amaral, Azal Tinto, Borracal, Brancelho, Espadeiro, Padeiro, Pedral, Rabo de Ovelha & Vinhao.

Permitted: Docal, Docal de Refoios, Espadeiro Mole, Labrusco, Mourisco, Pical Polho, Sousao & Verdelho Tinto.

Front 150

What are the 7 main white grapes of Vinho Verde?

Back 150

Alvarinho,

Arinto,

Avesso,

Azal,

Batoca,

Loureiro,

Trajadura,

Front 151

How is Chateaux Gilette's Creme de Tete aged?

Back 151

Decades in cement vats.

Front 152

Approximately how many grams of sugar per liter are in one degree Brix?

Back 152

18

Front 153

What is the minimum residual sugar g/L of Sauternes AOP dessert wine?

Back 153

45 g/L sugar

Front 154

What region is Bandol from?

Back 154

Provence

Front 155

What are the 5 villages of Sauternes AOP?

Back 155

Sauternes,

Barsac,

Fargues,

Preignac,

Bommes

Front 156

What is Ygrec?

Back 156

Chateau d'Yquem's dry white wine. Bordeaux AOP.

Front 157

What are the main three sweet AOPs of Graves?

Back 157

Cerons,

Barsac,

Sauternes

Front 158

What are the 10 Cru Classe properties of Pessac-Leognan AOP?

Back 158

Pessac,

Leognan,

Cadaujac,

Gradignan,

Martillac,

Merignac,

Saint-Medard-d'Eyrans,

Talence,

Villenave-d'Ornons

Front 159

Chateau la Tour Haut-Brion (Red) & Chateau Laville Haut-Brion (White) combined under what label?

Back 159

Chateaux la Mission Haut-Brion.

Front 160

Are Medoc AOP Dry White wines allowed?

Back 160

Nope.

Front 161

What is the soil (composition) in Graves, primarily?

Back 161

Boulbenes: Sand, gravel, light clay

Front 162

What are the 5 villages of Margaux AOP?

Number of Classified Growths?

Back 162

Soussans,

Margaux,

Cantenac,

Labarde,

Arsac

21 Class Growths: Chateau Margaux (1st) & Chateau Palmer (3rd) included

Front 163

How many classified growths are there from Listrac-Medoc AOP?

Moulis-en-Medoc AOP?

Back 163

None on both accounts. Though Chateaux Chasse-Spleen probably should be. Seriously, it is so good!

Front 164

Which Medoc AOC "Super-Seconds" are Chateau Leovill Las Cases & Chateaux Ducru-Beaucaillou from?

Back 164

Saint-Julien AOC

Front 165

What are the Sub-regions of the Medoc AOC? (7)

Back 165

Pauillac AOC,

Haut-Medoc AOC,

Listrac-Medoc AOC,

Moulis-en-Medoc AOC,

Saint-Julien AOC,

Saint-Estephe AOC,

Margaux AOC

Front 166

Which Medoc AOC is Chateau Los d'Estournel from?

Back 166

Saint-Estephe AOC

Front 167

What yeard did Chateau Mouton Rothschild attain First Growth Status?

Back 167

1973

Front 168

5 first growths of Left Bank Bordeaux and Sub-region?

Back 168

Chateau Lafite Rothschild -- Pauillac, Medoc

Chateau Mouton-Rothschild -- Pauillac, Medoc

Chateau Latour -- Pauillac, Medoc

Chateau Margaux -- Margaux, Medoc

Chateau Haut-Brion -- Pessac-Leognan, Graves

Front 169

Who commissioned the 1855 classification of Bordeaux?

Back 169

Emperor Napoleon III

Front 170

What Liter capacity is a barrique?

Back 170

225 liters

Front 171

What are the 6 whites of Bordeaux AOC?

Back 171

70% +:

Semillon,

Sauv Blanc,

Muscadelle

30% Max:

Ugni Blanc,

Colombard,

Metlot Blanc

Front 172

What is Pressec?

Back 172

Synonym for Malbec from the Right Bank

Front 173

What is the minimum ABV for Bordeaux AOC White?

Red?

Back 173

White: 10%

Red: 10.5%

Front 174

What are six grapes allowed in RED Bordeaux AOC/AOP?

Back 174

Cabernet Sauvignon,

Cabernet Franc,

Merlot,

Petite Verdot,

Malbec,

Carmenere

Front 175

Define Puttonyos

Back 175

A 30 liter scoop/barrel...about 25kg each. Defines sweetness of Tokaji based on the number of Puttonyos worth of paste added to the gonci barrels of non-aszu grapes or must to create sweet wines. 3-6 range. Though 3 & 4 may be abolished.

3 = 60 g/l

4 = 90

5 = 120-130

6 = 150

Aszu Eszencia = at least 450 g/l

Front 176

What are the 3 viticultural climates?

Back 176

Mediterranean - Long growing, warm, little seasonal changes

Continental - High seasonal change, vintages. inland

Maritime - Closte to sea/large bodies, moderate climate

Front 177

What is "en primeur"?

Back 177

Yearly sales of futures?

Front 178

What is a wine courtiers?

Back 178

A wine broker.

Front 179

When was Bordeaux ruled by england?

Back 179

1152 - 1453 CE

Front 180

What is the main river that divides Bordeaux

Back 180

Gironde estuary. Splits into Garonne & Dordogne Rivers.

Front 181

Which wine region in France produces more than Bordeaux?

Back 181

Languedoc

Front 182

What are the 3 French Wine Classifications?

Back 182

Vin de Table/Vin de France

Vin de Pays/IGP

AOC/AOP

Front 183

When was the Vin Delimite de Qualite Superior (VDQS) Created?

Eliminated?

Back 183

Created in 1949 as a springboard for AOC

Abolished in 2011.

Front 184

How many grape species are allowed with EU regulations by the INAO?

Back 184

only 1. Vitis vinifera.

Front 185

What does the INAO stand for?

Back 185

Institut National des Appellations d'Origine

Front 186

When was the INAO created?

Back 186

1935

Front 187

When was the first AOC granted?

Back 187

1936

Front 188

What do the AOC guidelines limit? (8)

Back 188

Geographical boundaries

Yields

Vineyard Density

Training/Pruning Tequniques

Varieties

Production methods

Min Must weights

Min alcohol

Front 189

What is mycorrhizae?

Back 189

Fungus that extends the roots network range. Positive Symbiotic Relationship.

Front 190

When is the worst time for a large rainfall for a vineyard?

Back 190

Right before harvest. Creates flabby wine and can promote mold and diseases.

Front 191

Why spray water on vines to protect from frost damage.

Back 191

The ice it forms is a crust that insulates against wind and keeps natural warmth inside.

Front 192

At what temperature (F) can the vine trunk split?

Back 192

25 degrees F

Front 193

At what upper temperature (F) do grapevines shut down?

Back 193

104

Front 194

What is Bricco?

Sori?

Back 194

Bricco: Sun-facing crest of a hill.

Sori: Southern facing slopes. Piedmontese, helps cold Piedmont keep vineyards warm to promote growth.

Front 195

What is the "best" vineyard in Barolo?

Back 195

Cannubi. 15 Hectares (37 acres). James Suckling has a documentary about it.

Front 196

What are "Church Windows"?

Back 196

German for "Legs" in a glass.

Front 197

Name a fortified wine from the Rhone.

Back 197

Rasteau

Muscat de Beaumes de Venise

Front 198

State the grapes of Bourgogne Passe tout Grains.

Back 198

Pinot Noir, with up to 1/3 Gamay

Front 199

Name a Vin doux Naturel (there are 7 in France)

Back 199

Rivesaltes

Muscat de Rivesaltes

Muscat de Beaumes de Venise

Rastaeau

Banyuls

Banyuls Grand Cru

Maury

Front 200

Name a Vin de Liqueur

Back 200

Champagne - Ratafia

The Rhône - rinquinquin

Languedoc - cartagène

The Jura - Macvin du Jura

Cognac - Pineau des Charentes is fortified with cognac, and the Floc de Gascogne with armagnac.

Front 201

***? Name 3 sub regions of Bordeaux

Back 201

Medoc

Graves

Entre Deaux Mers

Front 202

Name the AOC for Sauvignon Blanc in Burgundy

Back 202

St. Bris

Front 203

State the AOC's of Alsace

Back 203

Alsace

Alsace Grand Cru

Cremant de Alsace

Front 204

Name 2 AOCs of the Loire that Produce Red Wines from Cabernet Franc.

Back 204

Chinon

Bourgeil

Touraine

Touraine-Amboise

Front 205

Name the Sub Regions of the Loire

Back 205

Pays Nantais

Anjou-Saumur

Touraine

Central Vineyards

Front 206

What is a negociant?

Back 206

A grape buyer that produces wine.

Front 207

Difine Kimmeridgian Soil.

Back 207

A greyish limestone.

Front 208

Name an AOC of the Loire that produces Red Wines from Pinot Noir.

Back 208

Sancerre

Reuilly

Menetou-Salon

Front 209

What is diferent or unique about Corton & Musigny, as compared to other Grand Cru of their respective regions?

Back 209

Musigny is a white wine Grand Cru in Cotes de Nuits, a region known for their reds.

Corton is a red wine Grand Cru in Cotes de Beaune, a region known for their whites.

Front 210

What do Esters contribute to aromas/flavors?

Back 210

Fruit & Floral

Front 211

What do Pyrazines contribute to aromas/flavors?

Back 211

Herbaceousness

Front 212

What do Terpenes contribute to aromas/flavors?

Back 212

Fruit and herbs. Think HOPS. Rose, Lavender, Pine, Lychee

Front 213

What do Thiols contribute to aromas/flavors?

Back 213

Bittersweet fruits. It can be a fault if there is too much. But this creates flavors such as grapefruit and black currant.

Front 214

What do sulfur compounds contribute to aromas/flavors?

Back 214

Earthy flavors. Chalkiness, minerality, flint, metalic flavors, wet wool (usually a sign of UV damage, though).

Front 215

What does Brettanomyces contribute to aromas/flavors?

Back 215

Clove, bacon, band-aid, "horsey", sesame seeds, cannabis. Phenolic.

Front 216

What does Geosmin (org compound from bacteria) contribute to aromas/flavors?

Back 216

Mushrooms. SUPER earthy. Fresh rain, soil, beets.

Front 217

Name the 7 main wine faults.

Back 217

1) Oxidized

2) TCA (Trichloroanisole) / Cork Taint

3) Sulfur Compounds (think rotten egg/burnt rubber)

4) Secondary Fermentation

5) Heat Damage/Cooked

6) UV Light damage / Lightstrike / Wet wool

7) Microbial taints - spoiled/band-aid/yeasty/sour

Front 218

This vine system resembles a "U", where the Cordon divide, making two canopy systems.

Back 218

Lyre system.

Front 219

Where does Sake trace it's roots back to?

Back 219

3th century Korea.

Front 220

What is Koji?

Back 220

Mold (Aspergillus Oryzae) used up to 4 times in the making of Sake. Enzymatically helps break down starches in rice.

Front 221

What is a Kura?

Back 221

Sake Brewery

Front 222

Name the 5 main Sake types and what are they.

Back 222

-Junmai: Pure white rice; 30% polish; no alc added

-Jonjozo: 30% polish; some alc added

-Ginjo: Min 40 % polish; w or w/o alc added

-Daiginjo; Min 50% polish; w or w/o alc added

-Nigori: Milky, unfiltered, off-dry.

Front 223

What is "Marc"?

Back 223

Pommace brandy from France, similar to Grappa.

Front 224

State the required percentage of Varietal & AVA of Oregon.

Back 224

Varietal is 90% unless Bordeaux varietal, Zin, Tannat or Sangiovese (75%) vs 75% Federal.

AVA is 95% vs 85% Federal.

Front 225

What is the 75-85-95% Rule?

Back 225

Not always true, but with AVAs by Federal decree it is 75-Varietal; 85% AVA; 95% Vintage and Vineyard.

Front 226

In the US, what percentage has to be estate grown, fermented, aged and bottled if designated "Estate Bottled"?

Back 226

100%

Front 227

What are the 4 main regions of Armagnac?

Back 227

Armagnac

Bas Armagnac (Low)

Haut Armagnac (High)

Tenareze

Front 228

State the Armagnac AOC year and primary grapes.

Back 228

1909

Baco Blanc

Ugni Blanc

Folle Blanche

Colombard

Front 229

State the aging standards for Armagnac.

Back 229

3 star: 2 years minimum

5 star & VSOP: 5 years minimum

Napoleon: 6 years minimum

Hors d'Age: 10 years minimum

Front 230

Name the 6 main regions of Cognac

Back 230

Bois a Terroirs (Wood land)

Fin Bois (Fine wood)

Bon Bois (Good wood)

Borderies

Grande Champagne (Great)

Petite Champagne (Little)

three "woods" (Bois)

two champagnes

and the Borderies!!!

Front 231

State the Cognac AOC date and aging standards.

Back 231

1909

3 star: Min 2 years new French Oak

5 star & VSOP; Min 4 year

Napoleon: Min 6 year

Front 232

What are the two main "Arcs" of a pairing?

Back 232

Light to heavy

Drier to sweeter

Front 233

During service, when should the bottle mouth be wiped with the serviette?

Back 233

Before and after opening. Also acceptable after a pour to avoid dripping/running

Front 234

During service, what is allowed to touch the table cloth?

Back 234

Only the stemware. Everything else needs an underliner or to be on the service table.

Front 235

In parties of less than 8, what is the order of pouring (after tasting the host)?

Back 235

ALWAYS CLOCKWISE; Serve to the RIGHT of the guest, to stay comfortable.

1) Guest of Honor (if applies)

2) Women to the left of host, then clockwise

3) Men

4) Host (gender is considered neutral)

Front 236

During service, if second bottle is ordered, what to do with the glassware?

Back 236

Always get a fresh glass for the host to taste, then ask everyone else if they would like fresh glassware.

Front 237

During Champagne service, how full should the flute or tulip be filled?

Back 237

3/4 Full. Pour uniform for everyone.

Front 238

What is a Gueridon?

Back 238

service table.

Front 239

What items must be on the Gueridon before old red wine bottle service?

Back 239

Candle

Lighter

Decanter

Underlinings (4 - Cradle, Presenting Cork, Decanter and Bottle)

Front 240

Proper wine serving temperature of

Champagne, White Wine & Red Wine

Back 240

Champ: at least 45F

White Wine: 49-55F

Red Wine: 62-68F

Front 241

What is Drambuie made from?

Back 241

Scotch, honey, herbs & spices

Front 242

What are the 10 Cru of Beaujolais.

North to South.

Back 242

Saint-Amour

Julienas

Chenas

Moulin-a-Vent

Fleurie

Chiroubles

Morgon

Regnie

Brouilly

Cote de Brouilly

Front 243

What is Vinosity?

Back 243

Characteristics of body, flavor & color of a wine.

Front 244

What is green harvesting?

Back 244

Dropping unripe clusters to thin/manage yield.

Front 245

What is "vigor" in relation to wine?

Back 245

Rootstock growth of vine, ability to expand.

Front 246

Explain the difference of crushing vs pressing.

Back 246

Crushing: Used on clusters or berries to expose sugars to yeast. Reds and whites.

Pressing: uses press to slowly, gently extract juice from the must, leaving only the pomace.

Front 247

How are cigar sizes stated?

Back 247

Length of cigar and by rings. 64 rings = 1/4 inch

Front 248

What agency regulates the US wine industry?

Back 248

Formerly BATF, now the TTB (Tax & Trade Bureau)

Front 249

Nape the top 4 wine producing states in the US.

Back 249

California

Washington

Oregon

New York

Front 250

What is the first AVA in USA?

Back 250

Augusta, MO

Front 251

Name 3 AVAs of Oregon.

Back 251

Columbia Valley

Columbia Gorge

Walla Walla Valley

Willamette Valley

Dundee Hills

McMinville

Ribbon Ridge

Yamhil-Carlton District

Southern Oregon

Umpqua Valley

Red Hill Douglas County

Rogue Valley

Applegate Valley

Front 252

Name 2 important wine regions of Canada.

Back 252

Niagara Peninsula

Okanaga Valley

Front 253

Name the region Casablanca is within & what wines it is known for.

Back 253

Aconcogua

Whites: Sauvignon Blanc & Chardonnay

Front 254

Name the region Maipe is within & wines it is known for.

Back 254

Valle Central

Mainly known for Cabernet Sauvignon

Front 255

Name the five major wine regions of California.

Back 255

North Coast

Central Coast

South Coast

Central Valley

Sierra Foothills

Front 256

Name 3 AVAs of Napa County (16 North to South)

Back 256

Howell Mountain

Calistoga

Chiles Valley District

Diamond Mountain District

St. helena

Spring Mountain District

Rutherford

Atlas Peak

Oakville

Yountville

Stags Leep District

Mount Veeder

Oak Knoll District

Coombsville

Wild Horse Valley

Los Carneros

Front 257

Name 3 AVAs of Sonoma County (16

North to South)

Back 257

Northern Sonoma

Pine Mountain

Alexander

Rockpile

Sonoma Coast

Dry Creek Valley

Knights Valley

Fort Ross-Seaview

Chalk Hill

Russian River Valley

Green Valley

Sonoma Valley

Bennet Valley

Sonoma Mountain

Moon Mountain

Los Carneros

Front 258

Name 2 Regions on New Zealand's North Island.

Back 258

Auckland

Waikato

Gosborne

Hawke's Bay

Martinborough

Front 259

Name 2 wine regions of New Zealand's South Island.

Back 259

Nelson

Marlborough

Canterbury

Otago

Front 260

What wine styles are Hawkes Bay known for?

Back 260

Chardonnay, Cabernet & Cab Blends...think "Napa of New Zealand."

Front 261

What are the parent grapes of Pinotage?

Back 261

Cinsault and Pinot Noir

Front 262

Minimum percentages for labeling in South Africa.

Back 262

100%

Front 263

In whine terms, what is "Cultivar"?

Back 263

Grape Vine Varietal.

Front 264

Describe Vin de Constance.

Back 264

Sweet wine made from Muscat de Alexandria & Muscat de Frontignan from Canstantia, South Africa.

Front 265

In South Africa, what does WO stand for?

Back 265

Wine of Origin.

Front 266

Name 2 WOs of the Coastal Region of South Africa.

Back 266

Stellenbosch

Paarl

Swartland

Tyberg

Tulbagh

Front 267

Name the five first growths of the 1855 Classification.

Back 267

Chateau Lafite Rothschild, Pauillac

Chateau Latour, Pauillac

Chateau Mouton Rothschild, Pauillac

Chateau Margaux, Margaux

Chateau Haut-Brion, Pessac-Leognac in Graves

Front 268

Where is Walker Bay & what is it known for?

Back 268

South Africa

Known for Pinot Noir & Chardonnay

Front 269

Minimum Labeling in Australia?

Back 269

85% for Zone, Region, Sub-Region, or GI

same for Varietal

same for Vintage

Front 270

Name 3 Australian States.

Back 270

New South Whales

Victoria

Tasmania

South Australia

Western Australia

Queensland

Northern Territory (Not really wine-centric...)

Front 271

What is the Australian "SUPER ZONE"?

Back 271

South-Eastern Australia.

Front 272

What is a G.I.?

Back 272

Geographic Indication, Australian Appelation standard.

Front 273

What is the Soil of Coonawarra?

Back 273

Terra Rossa (Red Earth)

Front 274

State the minimum sugar level in liqueur.

Back 274

2.5%

Front 275

Name an AOC for Rose from Rhone or Provence.

Back 275

Rhone:

Tavel

Provence:

Cotes du Provence

Bandol

Les Beaux de Provence

Front 276

Name the subregions of Burgundy. (6)

Back 276

Chablis

Cotes de Nuis

Cotes de Beaune

Cote Chalonaise

Macconais

Beaujolais

Front 277

Name the best region of Calvados.

Back 277

Pays d'Auge

Front 278

Name the Best Cognac & Armagnac regions and why they are the best.

Back 278

Grande & Petite Champagne for Cognac

Bas Armagnac for Armagnac

Chalk soil, very complex and high minerality.

Front 279

Name a grape grown in both Cognac & Armagnac.

Back 279

Ugni Blanc (Trebbiano)

Folle Blanche

Colombard

Front 280

Name the AOP of Coulee de Serrant & Roche Aux Moines.

Back 280

Savennieres

Front 281

Define Vin Jaun

Back 281

The Yellow Wine of Jura. A late harvest Savignin, slow fermented in small oak casks. not topped off. Develops flor.

Front 282

Most Famous AOC of Chalonnaise?

Back 282

Mercurey

Front 283

Main differences between Crozes-Hermitage & Hermitage.

Back 283

Crozes-Hermitage is flat & clay soils.

Hermitage is slopey & granite-heavy soils.

Front 284

What is the second words meaning in most Cote D'or Village Names?

EX: Gevrey-Chambertin

Back 284

Grand Cru Vineyard within Village.

Front 285

What is "Selection de Grains Noble"

Back 285

Dessert wines from Botrytis fruit.

Front 286

What AOC is used when dry white wines are made in Sauternes?

Back 286

Bordeaux AOC

Front 287

Name the AOC of Coulee de Serrant & Roche Aux Moines.

Back 287

Savennieres

Front 288

Name 3 AOCs of Southern Rhone.

(13)

Back 288

Cotes de Vivarais

Cotes du Rhone

Cotes du Rhone-Villages

Coteaux du Tricastin

Chateauneuf-du-Pape

Vacqueyras

Rasteau

Gigondas

Vinsobres

Lirac

Beaumes de Venise

Muscat de Beaumes de Venise

Tavel

Front 289

State the minimum labeling in Chile for Varietal, DO & Vintage.

Back 289

75% for all.

Front 290

Ingredients in an Old Fashioned Cocktail.

Back 290

2 ounces bourbon or rye whiskey

1 teaspoon sugar

2-3 dashes of bitters; Angostura

Muddle sugar with slice of orange.

Serve on the rocks.

Garnish with Orange & cherry

Front 291

Ingredients in a Martinez Cocktail

Back 291

Old Tom gin, Sweet Vermouth, maraschino or Curacao.

Front 292

Ingredients in a classic Martini

Back 292

Gin with dry vermouth. Drier means less vermouth. Garnish with olive, lemon twist, onion or slice of cucumber.

Front 293

Ingredients in a Manhattan cocktail.

Back 293

Bourbon or rye with sweet vermouth. Serve up.

Front 294

Ingredients in a Brooklyn cocktail

Back 294

Rye with dry vermouth and maraschino liqueur, angostura bitters

Front 295

Ingredients in a Daiquiri

Back 295

2 ounces light rum

3/4 oz squeezed lime

1 teaspoon sugar or simple syrup

Front 296

Ingredients in a Margarita

Back 296

Tequila

Triple Sec

Sour Mix (Lime & Sweet/Sour)

Front 297

Ingredients in a Sidecar Cocktail

Back 297

Cognac/Brandy

Lemon Juice

Orange Liqueur

Serve up in margarita or wine glass

Front 298

Ingredients ina French 75 cocktail

Back 298

2 ounces Gin

Champagne/Sparkling White Wine

Fresh squeezed lemon juice

2 teaspoons sugar

Garnish with lemon Spiral

Serve in Champagne Flute

Front 299

Ingredients inan Irish Coffee

Back 299

Fresh brewed coffee

2 oz Irish Whiskey

Heavy Cream

Serve in Irish Coffee glass

Front 300

Ingredients ina Jack Rose cocktail

Back 300

Applejack

Lime Juice

Grenadine

Shake and strain, serve up

Front 301

Ingredients ina Negroni

Back 301

Gin

Campari

Vermouth Rosso

Front 302

Ingredients ina Boulevardier

Back 302

Bourbon or Rye

Campari

Sweet Vermouth

Garnish with orange twist or cherry

Front 303

Ingredients in a Sazerac Cocktail

Back 303

Rye Whiskye (Sazerac Rye, please)

Absinthe or Pernod

Lemon Peel

Peychaud Creole Bitters

Shake and strain over rocks

Front 304

Ingredients ina Vieux Carre Cocktail

Back 304

1/2 tsp Benedictine

1 dash Peychaud's Bitters

1 dash Angostura Bitters

3/4 oz Rye Whiskey

3/4 oz Cognac

3/4 oz Sweet Vermouth

Shake and strain into rocks glass

Front 305

Ingredients ina Ramos Gin Fizz

Back 305

2 oz Gin

1 oz cream

1 egg white

1/2 lime juice

1/2 oz lemon juice

2 teaspoons sugar

2-3 drops orange flower water

Seltzer

Shake forever...........

Front 306

Ingredients ina Mint Julep

Back 306

2-3 oz Bourbon

2 tsp simple syrup

8-10 leaves fresh mint

crushed Ice

Muddle, build crushed Ice up, serve with straw to allow aromatics

Front 307

Ingredients ina Whiskey Sour

Back 307

Whiskey

Simple Syrup

Lemon and Lime Juice

Front 308

Ingredients in a Planter's Punch

Back 308

Dark Rum

Lime & Lemon

Granadine

Simple Syrup

Front 309

Ingredients in a Cosmopolitan

Back 309

Citrus Vodka

Cranberry Juice

Lime Juice

Triple Sec or Orange Liqueur

Front 310

Ingredients inPisco Sour

Back 310

Pisco

Sour Mix, or...

Lemon Juice

Simple Syrup

& Egg Whites

Front 311

Ingredients in a Tom Collins

Back 311

Gin (Tom calls for gin, a recurring theme)

Simple Syrup

Lemon Juice

Soda Water

Front 312

Ingredients in Last Word

Back 312

Gin

Fresh Squeezed Lime Juice

Maraschino Liqueur

Chartreuse

Front 313

Ingredients in a Gimlet

Back 313

Gin

Sour Mix

Front 314

What is champaña?

Back 314

Cava before it was Cava.

Front 315

What are the (5) grapes in Rioja DOC red blends.

What percent must compromise the blend?

Back 315

Tempranillo, Mazuelo (Carignan), Graciano, Maturana Tinta and Garnacha must compromise 85% of Rioja Reds. 95% if destemmed.

Front 316

How big must Rioja Casks be?

Back 316

225L (Usually American Oak)

Front 317

What grape varietals are allowed in Champagne AOC (7)?

Back 317

Pinot Noir

Chardonnay

Meunier

Pinot Blanc

Pinot Gris

Arbane

Petit Meslier

Front 318

For Champagne, what initials to the following mean:

RM, NM, CM, RC, SR

Back 318

RM: Recolant-Manipulant (Grower-Producer) - True Grower Champagne

NM: Negociant-Manipulant (Merchant-Producer) - Big Houses like Veuve buy most of their grapes.

CM: Cooperative-Manipulant (Cooperative-Producer) - Growers work in a collective and sell as one brand

RC: Recolant-Cooperateur (Grower-Cooperative) - Sourced from single grower, but made by co-op

SR: Societe de Recolants (Society of Growers) - Different from CM, as the growers have significant involvement in winemaking process.

Front 319

What does Millesime mean?

Back 319

Vintage (Champagne)

Front 320

What are other terms for Sans Sucre and Pas Dosé

Back 320

Brut Nature, Ultra Brut, Brut Sauvage, Dosage Zero, Non-Dose. No Dosage added.

Front 321

What are the Dryness Levels of Methode Champenoise?

Back 321

Brut Nature - 0-3 g/l

Extra Brut - 0-6 g/l

Brut - 0-12 g/l

Extra Dry - 12-17 g/l

Sec - 17-32 g/l

Demi-Sec - 32-50 g/l

Doux - 50+ g/l

Front 322

What is the minimum pressure in Bars, for Methode Champenoise?

Back 322

3.5 Bars; 3.45 Atm; 350 kPa

Front 323

Prestige Cuvees of Billecart-Salmon

Back 323

Grande Cuvee 60% Pinot, 40 % Chardonnay 1982

Elisabeth Salmon Rose 1988

NM (Mareuil-sur-Ay, Vallee de la Marne)

Front 324

Prestige Cuvees of Bollinger

Back 324

La Grande Annee

R.D.

Vieilles Vignes Francaise (old French vines) 1969

All 100% Pinot Noir

NM (Ay, Vallee de la Marne)

Front 325

Prestige Cuvee of Duval-Leroy

Back 325

Femme de Champagne; 80% PN, 20% Chard; 1990

NM (Vertus, Cote de Blancs)

Front 326

Prestige Cuvees of Charles Heisieck

Back 326

Champagne Charlie (DC'd after 1985)

Blanc de Millenaires 1983 100% Chard

NM (Reims)

Front 327

Prestige Cuvee of Laurent-Perrier

Back 327

Grand Siecle, NV 50/50 PN/Chard first releasted in 1960

NM (Tours-sur-Marne, Valle de la Marne)

Front 328

Prestige Cuvee of Moet et Chandon

Back 328

Dom Perignon

Dom Perignon Oenotheque

Chard & Pinot 1921

NM (Epernay, Vallee de la Marne)

Front 329

Prestige Cuvee of G.H. Mumm

Back 329

Cuvee R. Lalou; Chard & Pinot Noir; 1966, DC'd 1985-1997, revived 1998

NM (Reims)

Front 330

Prestige Cuvee of Joseph Perrier

Back 330

Cuvee Josephine; Predominantly Chardonnay

NM (Chalons-sur-Marne, Vallee de la Marne)

Front 331

Prestige Cuvees of Perrier-Jouet

Back 331

Belle Epoque (Beautiful Era) 1964/Fleur de Champagne (stopped being called Fleur de Champagne in 2002 on Label...think "white star")

Brut, Rose, BDB. Brut is 50% Chard, 45% Pinot Noir, 5% Pinot Meunier

NM (Epernay, Vallee de la Marne)

Front 332

Prestige Cuvee of Piper-Heidsieck

Back 332

Rare, Chard & Pinot Noir 1976

NM (Reims)

Front 333

Prestige Cuvee of Pol Roger

Back 333

Cuvee Sir Winston Churchill, Pinot Noir & Chardonnay

1975 in honor of his death (and life)

NM (Epernay, Vallee de la Marne)

Front 334

Prestige Cuvee of Pommery

Back 334

Cuvee Louise Brut (60% Chard/40% PN) & Brut Rose

NM (Reims)

Front 335

Prestige Cuvee of Louis Roederer

Back 335

Cristal Brut (55% Pinot Noir, 45% Chardonnay) & Rose; 1876 noncommercial, 1945 Commercial, Rose 1974

NM (Reims)

Front 336

Prestige Cuvee of Ruinart

Back 336

Dom Ruinart, BDB & Rose, Rose: 85% Chard, 15% Pinot Noir

NM (Reims)

Front 337

Prestige Cuvees of Taittinger

Back 337

Comtes de Champagne (BDB & Rose) 70PN/30Chard

Taittinger Collection 50/50 Chard/PN

NM (Reims)

Front 338

Prestige Cuvee of Veuve Clicquot-Ponsardin

Back 338

La Grande Dame Brut (65PN/35Chard) & Brut Rose

NM (Reims)

Front 339

Prestige Cuvee of Henri Billiot

Back 339

Cuvee Laetitia (NV, Chardonnay)

Cuvee Julie (NV, 50/50 Chard/PN) 1999

RM (Ambonnay, Montagne de Reims)

Front 340

Prestige Cuvee of Jacques Selosse

Back 340

Substance NV, 100% Chardonnay

RM (Avize, Cote des Blancs)

Front 341

Prestige Cuvee of Vilmart & Cie

Back 341

Coeur de Cuvee (Heart of Cuvee), 80/20 Chard/PN 1989

RM (Rilly-la-Montagne, Montagne de Reims)

Front 342

Prestige Cuvee of Nicolas Feuilatte

Back 342

Palmes d'Or Brut (1985) & Brut Rose (1996) 50/50 PN/Chard

CM (Chouilly, Cote des Blancs)

Front 343

Billecart-Salmon's Monoparcel

Back 343

Clos St-Hilaire, 100% Pinot Noir, 1995

(Mareuil-sur-Ay, Vallee de la Marne)

Front 344

Monoparcel of Chartogne-Taillet

Back 344

Les Barres, 100% Meunier, NV in some years

(Merfy, Montagne de Reims)

Front 345

Monoparcel of Duval-Leroy

Back 345

Clos des Bouveries, 100% Chardonnay

(Vertus, Cote des Blancs)

Front 346

Monoparcel of Egly-Ouriet

Back 346

Les Crayeres NV, 100% Pinot Noir

RM (Ambonnay, Montagne de Reims)

Front 347

Monoparcels of Krug

Back 347

Clos du Mesnil, 100% Chardonnay, 1979

Clos du Ambonnay, 100% Pinot Noir, 1995

NM (Reims)

Front 348

Monoparcel of Jean Milan

Back 348

Terres de Noel, 100% Chardonnay, 1983

NM (Oger, Cote des Blancs)

Front 349

Monoparcel of Pierre Peters

Back 349

Cuvee Speciale les Chetillons, 100% Chardonnay, 1983

RM (le Mesnil-sur-Oger, Cote des Blancs)

Front 350

Monoparcel of Taittinger

Back 350

Les Folies de la Marquetterie, NV, 55/45 Chard/PN, 2006

(Pierry, Marne)

Front 351

Name two Barossa Valley Subregions

Back 351

Eden Valley

McLaren Vale

Barossa

High Valley

Front 352

What anbaugebiete is best known for producing Sylvaner?

Back 352

Franken

Front 353

What is the main varietal of Mercurey

Back 353

Chardonnay...then Pinot Noir

Front 354

What style of wine does Grand Cru Bonnes Mares produce?

Back 354

Dry, still Pinot Noir - Cote de Nuits shared by Morey-St-Denis and Chambolle Musigny

Front 355

What is the base of Sauza Silver?

Back 355

Blue Agave

Front 356

Name 2 examples of irrigation.

Back 356

Drip irrigation

Flood Irrigation

Front 357

What 2nd growth Bordeaux got elevated to 1st growth in 1973?

Back 357

Chateau Mouton Rothschild - label was done by Pablo Picasso

Front 358

What has the highest level of grape must weight (density) in grapes in Austria?

Back 358

TBA...Eiswein still has more water, it's just locked up in ice.

Front 359

Steinfeder, Federspiel and Smaragd are ripeness levels in what country and what region?

Back 359

Wachau, Austria

Front 360

What style of wine with you find in Franciacorta?

Back 360

Sparkling wine done in the traditional method

Front 361

Name 2 PDO producing islands in Greece

Back 361

Santorini

Crete

Paros

Rhodes

Front 362

What is the local name for the soil in Vouvray

Back 362

Tufa

Front 363

What is the name for the one-of-a-kind soil in Priorat?

Back 363

Llicorella - Granite a quartzite crystaline soil that is dark and shimmers in the sunlight.

Front 364

What are "croupes"?

Back 364

Mounds of gravel in Haut-Medoc.

Front 365

What is an SGN?

Back 365

Selection de Grains Nobles. Botrytis grapes, hand harvested in Alsace. MUST BE SWEET BY LAW.

Front 366

Name 2 Grad Crus of Chablis

Back 366

Trick question. There is technically only 1 Chablis Grand Cru AOP, but it has 7 geographic designations:

Les Clos

Vaudesir

Valmur

Preuses

Blanchot

Bougros

Grenouilles

Front 367

What are the Premiere Grand Cru Classe Category A of St. Emilion?

Back 367

Cheval Blanc

Angelus

Chateau Ausone

Pavie

Front 368

What is the boiling point of ethanol?

Back 368

173 F

Front 369

What is the westernmost AVA in Washington State?

Back 369

Puget Sound

Front 370

Where is Scharzhofberger?

Back 370

Wiltingen in the Saar Valley

Front 371

What is the principal grape variety of Saumur-Champigny AOP?

Back 371

Cabernet Franc

Front 372

What are the Grand Cru Villages of Valle de la Marne?

Back 372

Ay-Champagne

Tours-Sur-Marne

Front 373

What is the signature grape used in dry white wines of Santorini PDO?

Back 373

Assyrtiko

Front 374

What is Cour-Cheverny

Back 374

AOP in Touraine for white wines made from Romorantin (Sibling of Chardonnay), similar in Character to Chablis

Front 375

What is the grape of Menetou-Salon AOP White Wines?

Back 375

Sauvignon Blanc. In Cher department in the Centre region of France. In Val de Loire

Front 376

Name three AVAs within Yakima Valley

Back 376

Red Mountain, Rattlesnake Hills, Snipes Mountain

Front 377

Describe the Cereza grape.

Back 377

A pink-skinned wine grape that makes white wines, like Gewurztraminer and Pinot Gris. Cross of Muscat of Alexandria and Listan negro (black Palomino grape).

Front 378

What do they call Malbec in the Cahors region?

Back 378

Cot or Cot Noir

Front 379

What grape variety do they mostly grow in Gattinara?

Back 379

Nebbiolo

Front 380

What is Bonnezeaux?

Back 380

Desert wine from Loire. Chenin Blanc (Pineau de la Loire), manual harvest.

Front 381

What is the main river that flows through Bordeaux?

Back 381

The Gironde. From the Garonne and Dordogne rivers converging.

Front 382

What is the difference between Banyuls and Banyuls Grand Cru?

Back 382

Grand Cru is 70% Grenache vs 50%. Grand Cru is aged 30 months in Oak

Front 383

What Percentage Viognier may be blended into Cote-Rotie?

Back 383

20% (20-15-10-0 white rule going north to south)

Cote Rotie, St Joseph (10%), Hermitage, Crozes-Hermitage, Cornas

Front 384

Where is Roche-aux-Moines?

Back 384

Savennieres

Front 385

Where is Cassis AOP?

Back 385

Provence

Front 386

Where is Moldovia?

Back 386

Romania

Front 387

Describe Liqueur de Tirage.

Back 387

Sugar and yeast solution used to start the secondary fermentation in Champagne production.

Front 388

Which two monastic orders laid the foundation for the modern vineyards of Burgundy?

Back 388

Cistercian and Benedictines

Front 389

What is the minimum aging period for Scotch Whisky?

Back 389

3 years

Front 390

Where is La Clape?

Back 390

Languedoc AOP

Front 391

Who produces Louis XIII Cognac?

Back 391

Remy Martin

Front 392

What grape variety is used to produce Australian Topaque?

Back 392

Muscadelle

Front 393

What are the two most dominant acids in grapes?

Back 393

Tartaric & Malic

Front 394

From Magnum to Nabuchadnezzar, what are the sizes (in 750ml bottles)?

Back 394

Magnum - 2

Jeroboam -4

Methuselah - 8

Salmanazar - 12

Balthazar - 16

Nabuchadnezzar - 20

Michael Jackson Makes Small Boys Nervous...

Front 395

What are the States of Australia?

Back 395

Northern Territory, Western Australia

South Australia

New South Wales

Queensland

Tasmania

Victoria

Front 396

Name 3 GIs in South Australia

Back 396

Clare Valley

Barossa Valley

Eden Valley

Riverland

Adelaide Hills

Adelaide Plains

McLaren Vale

Coonawarra

Front 397

Name 2 GIs in New South Wales

Back 397

Hunter

Mudgee

Orange

Hastings River

Front 398

Name 3 GIs in Victoria

Back 398

Yarra Valley

Pyrenees

Swan Hill

King Valley

Rutherglen

Heathcote

Bendigo

Sunbury

Front 399

GIs of Barossa

Back 399

Barossa Zone

Barossa Valley Region

Eden Valley Region

High Eden Subregion

Front 400

Where (GI) is Australian Domaine Chandon located?

Back 400

Yarra Valley

Front 401

What is Topaque (formerly Tokay) made from?

Back 401

Muscadelle grapes. Aged, fortified Muscat a Petits Grains Rouge, with a marked rancio character.

Front 402

What is Rancio?

Back 402

French or Spanish term for a fortified win that has been madeirized, often by storage in oak barrels for at least two years, often exposed to direct sunlight.

Front 403

What is an Amphora?

Back 403

A type of Ceramic Vase, used in ancient times to transport wine.

Front 404

What is "assemblage"?

Back 404

The blending of base wines in order to create a final cuvee.

Front 405

What is Autolysis?

Back 405

Breakdown of dead yeast cells (lees) and the process through which desirable or undesirable traits may be imparted to the wine. Wines with deliberate sur lie such as Muscadet or White Burgandy derive certain flavors and textures from this process (yeasty notes).

Front 406

What is Brettanomyces?

Back 406

A non-spore forming genus of yeast (Saccharomycetaceae). Creates barnyardy flavors, band-aid.

Front 407

What is Casein?

Back 407

A fining agent derived from milk protein.

Front 408

What is cold stabilization?

Back 408

Winemaking process where wine is brought to near freezing temp for several weeks to encourage precipitation of tatrate crystals (to be removed)

Front 409

What is debourbage?

Back 409

Process in which must of a white wine is allowed to settle before racking off the wine. reduces need for fining and filtration.

Front 410

What is delestage?

Back 410

Racking to remove harsh tannins from wine in the form of grape seeds. Wine is drained into secondary vessel, allowing the cap to settle to the bottom and loosen the seeds that are trapped in pulps. Filter captures the seeds.

Front 411

What is isinglass?

Back 411

A clarifying agent which is a form of callogen derived from fish.

Front 412

What is Lieu-dit?

Back 412

Literally "said location" in French. Term for a named vineyard site.

Front 413

What is "Liqueur d'expedition"?

Back 413

"Shipping liquid" or dosage. Used to top up and possibly sweeten sparkling wine after disgorging. saccharose in base wine

Front 414

What are "Brouillis"?

Back 414

Low wines. 30% ABV from the first distillation of Cognac production.

Front 415

What are Maillard Reactions?

Back 415

Complex chemical reaction between amino acids and sugar in the wine or grapes. During raisining process, the Maillard reaction process play a vital role in concentrating flavors. Very important in premium quality Champagne, as well.

Front 416

What is Mistelle?

Back 416

French term for fresh grape juice that has had alcohol added to it before fermentation has started.

Front 417

What is Mosto Cotto?

Back 417

Italian term for concentrated grape must used to add sweetness to a wine. Similar to the German term "sussreserve".

Front 418

What does the term "mud" reference during wine?

Back 418

Lees

Front 419

What is "mutage"?

Back 419

French term for fortifying a wine by adding alcohol to the must either before fermentation (vin de liqueur) or during (vin doux naturel).

Front 420

What is passito?

Back 420

A method of straw wine production. Drying bunches of grapes ina special room in order to dehydrate them and concentrate flavors. in some circumstances the grapes may be left on the vine to try out in a method similar to the French technique of Passerillage.

Front 421

What is Passerillage?

Back 421

French straw wine. Vin de Paille (literally straw wine), Cotes du Jura, Arbois, L'Etoile, from Chardonnay, Savignin and Pulsard. Marsanne in Hermitage, Riesling in Alsace. 10-20% Residual sugar. Pair with foie gras.

Front 422

What is Perlant?

Back 422

French term for a very lightly sparkling wine with less effervescence than a cremant or petillant.

Front 423

What is the volume capacity of a Puncheon?

Back 423

119 Gallons or 450 Liters

Front 424

What is Remuage?

Back 424

Riddling.

Front 425

What is Remontage?

Back 425

Pump over. Stimulates maceration.

Front 426

What is a "Stelvin"?

Back 426

Screw cap.

Front 427

Describe "sur pointe"

Back 427

French term for a sparkling wine that has been aged with its neck down following completion of autolysis but before degorgement. Used during remuage.

Front 428

What is "ullage"?

Back 428

Headspace. unfilled space in a wine bottle, barrel or tank.

Front 429

Which of the Vosne-Romanee Grand Cru vineyards are Monopoles?

Back 429

La Tache, La Romanee, La Grand Rue, Romanee-Conti

Front 430

What is the second wine of Chateau Latour?

Back 430

Les Forts de Latour

Front 431

Who produces the single vineyard Champagne Clos de Goisses?

Back 431

Phillipponat, Montagne de Reims

Front 432

What are the AOPs of the Cote Chalonnaise (5)?

Back 432

Buzeron

Rully

Mercurey

Givry

Montagny

Front 433

What are the AOPs of the Maconnais (6)?

Back 433

Macon

Vire-Clesse

Pouilly-Fuisse

Pouilly-Loche

Pouilly-Vinzelles

Saint-Veran

Front 434

What grapes are allowed in Bouzeron AOP?

Back 434

Only Aligote

Front 435

According to the 1855 Lavalle Classification of Cote d'Or, what are the Red Tete de Cuvee #1 of Vogne, Gevry, Vougeot, Morey, Aloxe, Chambolle, Vosne & Nuits?

Back 435

Vosne: Romanée-Conti

Gevrey: Chambertin, Clos-de-Bèze

Vougeot: Clos de Vougeotfollowed by...

Morey: Clos-de-Tart, Bonnes-Mares (part), Lambrays (part)

Aloxe: Corton (part)

Chambolle: Musigny

Vosne: Richebourg, Tâche, Romanée-Saint-Vivant (part)

Nuits: Saint-Georges

Front 436

According to the 1855 Lavalle Classification of Cote d'Or, what are the white Horse Ligne & Premiere Cuvee

Back 436

Hors Ligne

Puligny: Montrachet

Premiere Cuvee

Puligny: Batard-Montrachet

Meursault: Perrieres

Aloxe: Corton

Meursault: Charmes, Combettes, Genevrieres, Goutte-d'Or

Pernant: Charlemagne

Front 437

Grand Crew Appelations of Cote de Nuits (24)

Back 437

Mazis-Chambertin AOP

Ruchottes-Chambertin AOP

Chambertin Clos de Bèze AOP

Chapelle-Chambertin AOP

Griotte-Chambertin AOP

Chambertin AOP

Charmes-Chambertin AOP

Latricières-Chambertin AOP

Mazoyères-Chambertin AOP

Clos de la Roche AOP

Clos Saint-Denis AOP

Clos des Lambrays AOP

Clos de Tart AOP

Bonnes Mares AOP

Musigny AOP

Clos de Vougeot/Clos Vougeot AOP

Echézeaux AOP

Grands-Echézeaux AOP

Richebourg AOP

Romanée-Saint-Vivant AOP

Romanée-Conti AOP

La Romanée AOP

La Grande Rue AOP

La Tâche AOP

Front 438

What is nihonshudo?

Back 438

Same thing as SMW (Sake Meter Value). Dry to sweet scale.

Front 439

What are the Second Growths of the 1855 Classification of Bordeaux (14)?

Back 439

* Château Cos d'Estournel, St.-Estèphe

* Château Montrose, St.-Estèphe

* Château Pichon Longueville Baron, Pauillac

* Château Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande, Pauillac

* Château Léoville-Las Cases, St.-Julien

* Château Léoville-Poyferré, St.-Julien

* Château Léoville Barton, St.-Julien

* Château Gruaud-Larose, St.-Julien

* Château Ducru-Beaucaillou, St.-Julien

* Château Rauzan-Ségla, Margaux

* Château Rauzan-Gassies, Margaux

* Château Durfort-Vivens, Margaux

* Château Lascombes, Margaux

* Château Brane-Cantenac, Cantenac-Margaux (Margaux)

Estephe = Estournel & Montrose

Pauillac = Pichon

St. julien = Alliterations of Leoville, Gruaud-Larose...and Ducru Beaucaillou

Margaux = Lascombes...combing for good wine; Rauzan ... Can't think of anything to memorize; Brane Cantenac...because Contenac-Margaux is a damn AOP!

Front 440

State the aging requirement of Brunello di Montalcino & Brunello di Montalcino Riserva.

Back 440

Min 2 years in wood, 4 months in bottle, cannot be sold until Jan 1 of 5th year following harvest!

Riserva: 2 years in wood, 6 months in bottle, cannot be sold until Jan 1 of 6th year following harvest.

Front 441

What is Prugnolo Gentile?

Back 441

Sangiovese from Vino Nobile di Montepulciano

Front 442

Define Courtier

Back 442

Wine Broker - Very big in Bordeaux, created teh en premeur sales.

Front 443

What is the climate of Bordeaux?

Back 443

Maritime, due to the Atlantic and Gironde estuary for moderation. Protects from spring frost. Coastal pines protect from winds.