Cerebral Hemispheres & Cortex

Front 1

1. Term for an area devoted to one basic fxn such as hearing or movement
2. Term for other areas involved in interpretation and integration of information gained by the primary area

Back 1

1. Primary area
2. Association area

Front 2

1. Term for the location that is the: Site of production and comprehension of language; Related to handedness... most ppl are what side?

Back 2

1. Dominant hemisphere ... Left Also most but not all lt handed ppl are lt dominant kinda like virtually all right handed ppl are lt cominant

Front 3

Dominant vs non dominant
1. Location for language (hear, speak, read & write), math; comprehension and produciton of memory?
2. Location for music, emotion, spatial concepts, complex visual patterns?

Back 3

1. Dominant (usu left)
2. Non-dominant (usu right)

Front 4

1. What connects corresponding regions of the 2 hemispheres?
2. What connects the homologous lobes
3. What connects the temporal lobes and olfactory bulbs?
4. interconnect cortical regions within the SAME hemisphere (2 types)

Back 4

1. Commissural fibers
2. Corpus callosum
3. Anterior commissure
4. Association fibers (Short fibers & long fibers)

Front 5

Short vs Long Association fibers:
1. Connect adjacent lobes to each other
2. Interconnect adjacent gyri to each other

Back 5

1. Long
2. Short

Front 6

Long fiber types: Cingulum, Superior occipitofrontal fasciculus, Superior longitudinal; inferior occiptofrontal and uncinate fasciculus:
1. connects frontal and temporal (anterior) lobes; hooks around deep margin of sylvian fissure
2. connects dorsal portions of the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes; Dorsolateral to body of caudate nucleus and lateral ventricles

Back 6

1. Uncinate
2. Superior occiptiofrontal fasciculus

Front 7

Long fiber types: Cingulum, Superior occipitofrontal fasciculus, Superior longitudinal; inferior occiptofrontal and uncinate fasciculus:
3. – connects parahippocampal and cigulate gyri; lies lateral to cingulate gyrus
4. connects all lobes ipsilaterally, including interconnecting Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas; aka arcuate fasciculus; dorsal to insular cortex
5. connects occipital, temporal, frontal lobes; ventral to insular cortex

Back 7

3. Cingulum
4. Superior longitudinal fasciculus (arcuate)
5. Inferior occiptiofrontal fasciculus

Front 8

1. Which long fiber is essential to understanding, comprehension and production of speech
2. What connecting cortex to thalamus, basal ganglia, brainstem, spinal cord

Back 8

1. Superior longitudinal (arcuate) fasciculus
2. Projection Fibers

Front 9

Lobe fxns:
A. executive planning, motivation, weighing consequences of actions; motor fxn, memory, language, social and sexual behavior
B. mood, emotion, memory, hearing; smelling, tasting, some language
C. association areas integrating spatial aspects of sensation and manipulation of objects in space; role in sensation of smell tase touch etc, sensory and spatial awareness
D. vision & recognition of objects

Back 9

A. Frontal
B. Temporal
C. Parietal
D. Occipital

Front 10

Frontal lobe areas: Motor, premotor, frontal eye fields, Broca's, Prefrontal association areas
1. Planning, initiation of voluntary movement
2. Voluntary movement
3. contains motor programs to control muscles involved in speech
4. weighing consequences of future actions, planning, motivation, personality, problem solving,

Back 10

1. Premotor area
2. Motor area
3. Broca's area
4. Prefrontal association cortex

Front 11

1. What happens if a lesion in frontal lobe of the motor area (precentral gyrus, Brodman's 4?)
2. Lesion of the premotor area?
3. Irritative/ablative lesion of FEF
4. Lesion of prefrontal association?

Back 11

1. Contra spastic hemiplegia
2. apraxia - difficulty performing previously learned movements
3. irritative lesion – contra conjugate deviation of eyes & ablative lesion – ipsi conjugate deviation of eyes
4. loss of initiative, insight, judgment, social skills

Front 12

1. What integrates somatosensory, visual, auditory information; defines intra vs. extrapersonal space
2. effect of lesion in dominant side?
3. Effect of lesion in non dominant side of 1?

Back 12

1. Parietal multimodal association area
2. Alexia, agraphia (no write), anomia (cant name an object), finger agnosia, construction apraxia, right left confusion
3. Sensory neglect on opposite side

Front 13

1. Alexia, agraphia, anomia, finger agnosia, construction apraxia, right-left confusion or characteristics of what?
2. patient ignores objects, persons, movements on the left side (including left side of their own body)
3. Lesion of primary somatosensory area of parietal lobe?

Back 13

1. lesion of parietal multimodal association area
2. Sensory neglect on opp. side
3. Contra anesthesia

Front 14

1. Lesion of the primary visual cortex?
2. Of the visual association areas
3. ventral visual association areas
4. Location of these areas?

Back 14

1. Contra homonymous hemianopia
2. visual agnosia - difficulty recognizing what is seen
3. Prosopagnosia- failure to recognize well known faces
4. Occipital lobe

Front 15

Lesion of:
1. Primary auditory cortex
2. Wernicke's area
3. Parahippocampal region - differentiate ablative vs irritative
4. Inferior and lateral regions of temporal lobes if bilateral

Back 15

1. bilateral hearing impairment ( deficit), worse on the contra side
2. lose comprehension of written and spoken language
3. bilateral ablative lesion – anterograde amnesia…current events not consolidated into long term memories
b. irritative lesion – seizures
4. Bilateral lesion – retrograde amnesia…loss of memory before lesion

Front 16

1. lobe responsible for processing smell and taste, auditory speech, language associaiton; controls emotions, motivation, learning, memory and sexual behavior
2. What is receptive aphasia?
3. dif between aphasia and dysarthria?

Back 16

1. Insular lobe
2. Difficulty understanding what is being said
3. Aphasia - disruption in the production or comprehension of language ... dysarthria mechanical problem in speaking

Front 17

1. What are 2 categories of aphasia?
2. Group the following into the 2 categories:
Broca's aphasia; Wernicke's aphasia; Conduction aphasia; global aphasia
if aphasic in speech will be so in writing as well

Back 17

1. Fluent vs non fluent
2. Fluent - Wernicke's & Conductive aphasia
Nonfluent - Broca's & Global aphasia

Front 18

Broca's aphasia; Wernicke's aphasia; Conduction aphasia; global aphasia
1. massive lesion involving both Broca’s & Wernicke’s areas plus areas in between A. patient cannot understand or articulate thoughts B. often has right hemiplegia, hemianesthesia, homonymous hemianopia
2. lesion of acuate fasciculus in dominant emisphere
A. comprehension intact B. speaks easily but with verbal paraphasias, naming & reading impaired

Back 18

1. Global Aphasia
2. Conduction aphasia

Front 19

Broca's aphasia; Wernicke's aphasia; Conduction aphasia; global aphasia
1. – lesion of XXX in dominant hemisphere a. diminished comprehension of what they say b. rapid speech with grammar intact AA. verbal paraphasias – incorrect usage of words BB. neologisms – use of nonsense words
2. lesion of Broca’s area in dominant hemisphere A. understand what they are saying but have difficulty speaking B. depression is often an issue C. internal capsule often involved, so often have a contra (right) hemiparesis

Back 19

1. Wernicke's aphasia
2. Broca's aphasia

Front 20

If fluent and
1. Comprehension is intact
2. Comprehension is disturbed
If Nonfluent
3. Comprehension is intact
4. Comprehension is disturbed

Back 20

1. Conduction aphasia
2. Wernicke's aphasia
3. Broca's aphasia
4. Global aphasia

Front 21

Review Dr. H PPT for the basic pathway description

Back 21

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