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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Causes of cerebellar disease |
Stroke Tumour MS
Congenital (Arnold Chair) Friedrich's ataxia
Alcohol abuse Thiamine deficiency Anti-epileptic medication |
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What central (vermis) lesions look like |
Dysarthria (slurring and staccato) Truncal ataxia sitting and standing Poor heel-toe |
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What cerebellar hemisphere lesions look like |
Nystagmus Ipsilateral limb ataxia (dysmetria, intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesia) Unsteady gait falling towards side of lesion |
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Causes of nystagmus |
CONGENITAL -Pendular nystagmus, any direction, most marked in neutral VESTIBULAR -eg labyrynthitis, meniere's, MS - unidirectional jerk -fast AWAY from lesion CENTRAL (brainstem or cerebellar) - bidirectional jerk -fast phase varies with direction UNILAT CERBELLAR HEMISPHERE -fast phase towards lesion |
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Causes of dysarthria |
-Cerebellar disease -Myasthenia gravis -Facial nerve palsy -Bulbar palsy (flaccid, wasted, fasciculating tongue) - MND, guillian barre -Pseudobulbar palsy (spastic, contracted tongue) = MND, MS, bilateral stroke (internal capsule) |
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Signs of cerebellar lesion |
Dysdiadochokinesis Ataxia Nystagmus Intention tremor Speech - slurred and stacatto Hypotonia |
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Triad of Wernicke's encephalopathy |
Acute confusion Opthalmoplegia, especially upgaze Ataxia and other cerebellar signs |
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About Wernicke's encephalopathy |
Syndrome resulting from B12 (tiamine) deficiency Most relate to alcohol abuse If untreated (IV thiamine), may progress to irreveersible Korsakoff psychosis |
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Motor neurone disease |
U - primary lateral sclerosis U - pseudobulbar palsy B - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis L - progressive muscular atrophy L - pseudobulbar palsy |
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Whatis guillian barre |
Acute polyneuropathy - ascending paralysis - triggere by infection?check CSF and nerve conuction |
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Causes of unilateral lesion |
Space occupying lesion (tumour, abscess, granuloma) Ischaemia (vertebrobasilar disease) MS Trauma |
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Causes of bilateral lesion |
Large space occupying lesion MS
Drugs (eg phenytoin) Alcohol (acute or chronic, thiamine defic) Trauma
Friedrich's ataxia Hypothyroidism Paraneoplastic syndrome
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Causes of midline lesion |
Paraneoplastic syndrome Midline tumour |
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Friedrich ataxia features |
Bilateral cerebellar signs Pes cavus, toe cocking, kyphoscoliosis UMN (except reflexes) Peripheral neuropathy Posterior column loss in limbs Cardiomyopathy Diabetes Optic atrophy |
