Cellular Biology

Front 1

Chromatin

Back 1

An Amorphous granular appearing material within the nucleus of non-dividing cells.

The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes.

Front 2

Ribosome Function and Location

Back 2

Function: protein synthesis

Location A: Free in cytoplasm

Location B: Attached to surface of the RER

Location C: Inside the mitochondria

Front 3

Role of the Golgi Apparatus

Back 3

1. Receives proteins from the ER and chemically modifies them.

2. Proteins within the Golgi are concentrated packaged and sorted before being sent to their cellular or extracellular destinations.

3. The Golgi is where some polysaccharides for the plant cell wall are synthesized.

Front 4

Cell Theory

Back 4

1. All organisms are composed of cells

2. All cells come from preexisting cells

Front 5

Cell Theory Implications

Back 5

1. The study of cell bio is the same as studying life.

2. It means life is continuous, you come from a single cell from two cells and your parents, etc.

Front 6

Function of the Plasma Membrane

Back 6

1. Acts as a selectively permeable barrier.

2. Communicates with adjacent cells and receiving extracellular signals.

3. Allows the cell to maintain a more or less constant internal environment (Homeostasis)

Front 7

Nuclear Envelope

Back 7

Two closely associated membranes surrounding the nucleus.

Front 8

Where is Lumen located?

Back 8

Inside the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Front 9

Function of RER

Back 9

1. As a compartment, it segregates certain newly synthesized proteins away from the cytoplasm and transports them to other locations in the cell.

2. While inside the RER, proteins can be chemically modified so as to alter their function and intracellular destination.

Front 10

Primary VS Secondary Transport

Back 10

Primary transport requires the direct participation of ATP.

Secondary transport does not use ATP as a direct source. Rather, transport is coupled to ion diffusion down the concentration gradient.

Front 11

Prokaryotic Cell

Back 11

Cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelle.

Front 12

Glycolipid

Back 12

Carbodyrates bound to a lipid, they extend outside the membrane and serve as recognition molecules between cells.

Front 13

What is another name for "Cell Eating"

Back 13

Phagocytosis

Front 14

Active Transport

Back 14

The movement of a substance across a cell membrane against its concentration gradient.

Front 15

Vesicle VS Vacuole

Back 15

Vesicle- A membranous sac in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.

Vacuole- A membranous-bounded vesicle whose specialized function varies in different kinds of cells.

Front 16

Function of Microtubule

Back 16

1. Form a rigid internal skeleton for some cells especially at cell extensions.

2. Acts as a framework on which motor proteins can move structures in the cell.

Front 17

Cytoplasmic Streaming

Back 17

A circular flow of cytoplasm, involving interactions of myosin & actin filaments, that speeds the distribution of materials within cells.

Front 18

Correct order of vesicles moved by dynein &

kinesin

Back 18

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Front 19

Middle Lamella

Back 19

In plants, a thin layer of adhesive extracellular material, primarily pectin, found between the primary walls of adjacent young cells.

Front 20

Function of Nuclear Lamina

Back 20

Maintains the shape of the nucleus.

Front 21

Inward folded membranes in Mitochondria

Back 21

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Front 22

What port system does secondary transport use

Back 22

(NOT SURE) transport is coupled to ion diffusion down the concentration gradient established by primary active transport.

Front 23

Peptidoglycan is found on what kind of cell

Back 23

Cell walls of prokaryotes

Front 24

What is Clathrin

Back 24

is a protein that plays a major role in the formation of coated vesicles

Front 25

Function of Nucleosome

Back 25

form the fundamental repeating units of eukaryotic chromatin, which is used to pack the large eukaryotic genomes into the nucleus while still ensuring appropriate access to it

Front 26

What is a new vesicle called when brought in by phagocytes

Back 26

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Front 27

function of a carbohydrate on the PM

Back 27

Carbohydrates serve as recognition sites.

Front 28

What happens if a cell is hypertonic

Back 28

When a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what occurs? Water inside the cell (highest concentration) moves out of the cell (lowest concentration), causing the plant cell to shrink and the plant to wilt

Front 29

Which cytoskeletal elements is restricted to multicellular organisms

Back 29

Intermediate filaments

Front 30

Function of matrix

Back 30

Cellular growth, activity, communication, etc.

Front 31

What makes up the PM

Back 31

Composed of a Phospholipid bilayer, which the hydrophilic ends of the lipids facing the cells aqueous interior.

Front 32

Function of Tight Junction

Back 32

They prevent substances from moving through the spaces between cells.

Front 33

What energy related organelle is found in plants and animals

Back 33

Mitochondria, chloroplast

Front 34

Know which plastid gives Red/Orange &

Orange/Yellow

Back 34

Red/Orange: Chromoplast (Not Sure)

Orange/Yellow: Carotenoids

Front 35

Function of Anthocyanin

Back 35

Visual cues for animals to either pollinate the flowers or eat the fruit.

Front 36

What makes up the Matrix

Back 36

The meshwork surrounding animal cells, consisting of glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and proteoglycans synthesized and secreted by cells.

Front 37

Which organelle function autophagy

Back 37

Autophagosome carried out by lysosome

Front 38

Which organelle is evolved in protein synthesis

Back 38

Ribosomes

Front 39

3 Parts of Golgi Apparatus

Back 39

1. Bottom- forms the cis portion and lies closest to the nucleus or ER.

2. Middle- is the medial region

3. Top- is the trans region close to the PM

Front 40

What is invagination & what processes are

involved

Back 40

is the infolding of one part within another part of a structure,

Front 41

Function of Nucleus

Back 41

1. The site of DNA duplication

2. the site of DNA control of cellular activity

3. a region within the nucleus, the nucleolus begins the assembly of ribosomes from specific proteins & RNA.

Front 42

Function of Lysosome

Back 42

Digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed

Front 43

Why is ER rough

Back 43

Ribosomes make ER rough.

Front 44

What are inwardly folded membranes for in

cyanobacteria

Back 44

Crista

Front 45

homotypic VS heterotypic

Back 45

Homotypic- The binding of the cell tissue

Heterotypic- cells like egg and sperm will bind with each other, not with identical proteins.

Front 46

Diffusion

Back 46

Random movement of molecules or other particles, resulting in even distribution of the particles when no barriers are present.

Front 47

Osmosis

Back 47

The movement of water across a differentially permeable membrane. From one region to another region where the water potential is more negative.

Front 48

Dialysis

Back 48

The diffusion of a solute across a selectively permeable membrane

Front 49

Passive VS Active VS Facilitated transport

Back 49

Passive- the diffusion of a substance across membrane with no expenditure of energy

Active- The energy dependent transport of substances across a gradient

Facilitated- Passive movement through a membrane involving a specific carrier protein and does not proceeds against the gradient.

Front 50

Function of the Cell Wall

Back 50

Provide support for the cell & limits its volume acts as a barrier for infections.

Front 51

Function of 3 types of Endocytosis

Back 51

1. Phagocytosis

2. Pinocytosis

3. Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Front 52

osmoregulation

Back 52

Regulation of solute concentrations and water balance by a cell or organism.

Front 53

plasmodesmata

Back 53

An open channel through the cell wall that connects the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells, allowing water, small solutes, and some larger molecules to pass between the cells.

Front 54

know which way osmosis will occur

Back 54

water always moves an area of high concentration to one of lower concentration.

Front 55

2 things in eukaryotes not in prokaryotes

Back 55

Lysosomes, ER, Mitochondria

Front 56

which organelles don't have ribosomes

Back 56

Ribosomes have only two locations: Free Ribosomes that move anywhere in the cytosol, and Membrane-bound ribosomes within the ER.

Front 57

Who grabs a vesicle when it comes in a cell

Back 57

NOT SURE

Front 58

what is the polysaccharide slime on bacteria

Back 58

Capsule

Front 59

What are Endomembraneus system made out of

Back 59

Nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi, lysosome, etc.

Front 60

What type of microscope do we use in lab

Back 60

Compound

Front 61

Cillia

Back 61

A short appendage containing microtubules found in eukaryotic cells.

Front 62

Flagella

Back 62

A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion.

Front 63

Pili

Back 63

In bacteria, a structure that links one cell to another at the start of conjugation.

Front 64

Know what photosynthesizes

Back 64

Chloroplast

Front 65

Components of cytoskeleton

Back 65

1. Microfilaments

2. Intermediate Filaments

3. Microtubules

Front 66

location of basal body

Back 66

At the base of Cilium and Flagella

Front 67

What junction is for communication

Back 67

Gap Junction

Front 68

Which Membrane proteins do not have a

hydrophobic region

Back 68

Peripheral membrane proteins

Front 69

Location of Grana

Back 69

Located in chloroplast

Front 70

What are in Plants and not Animal cells

Back 70

Chloroplast, Cell Wall, Crystal, Starch Grain, etc.