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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Polar covalent bonds |
Covalent bonds in which electrons shared unequally |
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Electronegativity |
The tendency of atoms to attract electrons |
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Bond strength |
Measured by the amount of energy that must be supplied to break the bond |
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kilocalorie |
amount of energy needed to raise temperature of 1 liter of water by 1 degree C |
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Ionic Bond |
ions that are attracted to one another. These "molecules" are normally called salts instead of molecules |
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Hydrogen bond |
H bonded with N, O, or F |
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hydrophilic molecules |
water loving, charged |
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hydrophobic molecules |
water hating, uncharged |
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Van der Waals |
non-covalent bond, present in all molecules |
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hydrophobic force |
generated by a pushing of nonpolar surfaces out of the hydrogen-bond water network |
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acids |
release protons when dissolving in water and form H3O+ |
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Bases |
accept protons when dissolved in water |
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buffers |
keep the interior of a cell close to neutral |
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organic molecules |
contain carbon |
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monosaccharides |
compounds with the general formula of (CH2O)n, sugars and the larger molecules are carbohydrates |
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amphipathic |
molecules - like fatty acids - that posess both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions |
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saturated |
contains maximum possible number of hydrogens, no double bonds between carbon atoms |
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lipids |
molecules that are insoluble in water but soluble in fat and organic solvents |
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phospholipids |
among the most important lipids in the cell. Most are constructed from fatty acids and glycerol. Strongly amphipathic |
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amino acids |
small organic molecules that posess a carboxylic acid group (-COOH) and an amino group (-NH2) both attached to a central alpha carbon. the alpha carbon carries the side chain that distinguishes the amino acid |
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nucleotide |
nitron containing ring linked to a five-carbon sugar that has a phosphate group attached to it |
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ATP |
Adenosine triphosphate. The ribonucleoside of triphosphate that participates in the transfer of energy in hundreds of metabolic reactions |
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pyrophosphate |
a pair of phosphate groups linked by a single phosphoanhydride bond |
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macromolecules |
constructed by covalently linking small organic monomers, or subunits, into long chains or polymers |
