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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the nuclear membrane and its function?
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A double membrane surrounding the nucleus which often contains ribosomes on its surface.
Controls entry and exit of materials in and out of the cell |
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What are the nuclear pores and their function?
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Pores that allow the passage of large molecules, such as the messenger RNA, out of the nucleus.
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What is the nucleoplasm and its function?
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Granular jelly-like material that makes up most of the nucleus
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What is chromatin?
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DNA found within the nucleoplasm
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What is the nucleolus and its function?
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Small spherical body within the nucleoplasm.
Manufactures ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomes. |
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What are the main functions of the nucleus?
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- Control centre of the cell through the production of mRNA and hence, protein synthesis
- Retains genetic material in the form of DNA - Manufactures ribosomal RNA and ribosomes |
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What is the function of the double membrane in mitochondria?
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The outer membrane surrounds the organelle - controls entry and exit of material
Inner membrane folds to form cristae |
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What are cristae and their function within the mitochondria?
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Shelf-like extensions of inner membrane which extend across the width of the mitochondria
Provide large surface area for attachment of enzymes involved in respiration |
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What is the matrix and its function within the mitochondria?
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Semi-rigid material containing protein, lipids and some DNA
Holds the enzymes involved in respiration |
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What is the main function of the mitochondria?
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Site of certain stages of respiration involving the production the energy carrier molecule, ATP, from carbohydrates
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What is the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
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Three dimensional system of sheet-like membranes which enclose flattened sacs called cisternae
Ribosomes found on outer surface |
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What are the functions of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
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- Provide a large surface area for the synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins
- Provide a pathway for the transport of materials, especially proteins, throughout the cell |
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What is the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
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Three dimensional system of sheet-like membranes which enclose flattened sacs called cisternae
No ribosomes on outer surface |
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What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
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Synthesise, store and transport lipids and carbohydrates
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What is the Golgi Apparatus?
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A stack of membranes that make up flattened sacs called cisternae with small rounded hollow structures called vesicles
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What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
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- Add carbohydrate to proteins to form glycoproteins
- Produce secretory enzymes - Secrete carbohydrates - Transport, modify and store lipids - Form lysosomes |
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What are lysosomes?
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When vesicles produced by the Golgi containing enzymes such as proteases and lipases.
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What is the function of lysosomes?
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- Break down material ingested by phagoyctyic cells
- Release enzmyes outside the cell so material around the cell is destroyed - Digest worn out organelles - Break down cells which have died |
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What are ribosomes and their function?
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- Small cytoplasmic granules found in cells - 70S type in prokaryotic cells, 80S type in eukaryotic cells
- Contain ribosomal RNA and protein - important for protein synthesis |
