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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell Membrane
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the limiting membrane of the cell; retains internal structure;permits exporation and importation of materials. Composed primarily of lipid and protein, and a smaller amount of carbohydrates.
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Microvilli
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finger-like extensions of the cell membrane covering the free surface of certain epithelial cells; they increase the surface area of the cell, enhancing secretion/absorption.
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Nuclear Membrane
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porous membrane of similar construction to the cell membrane; the limiting membrane of the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm; regulates passage of molecules.
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Nucleoplasm
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the ground substance of the nucleus, containing the chromatin or thin threads of genetic material (DNA and related protein). During cell division, the chromatin transforms into chromosomes.
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Nucleolus
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a mass of largely RNA(and some DNA and protein) in the nucleus producing units of RNA which combine in the cytoplasm to form ribosomes.
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Cytoplasm
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the ground substance of the cell less the nucleus. Contains organelles and inclusions listed below.
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Smooth/rough endoplastic reticulum(ER)
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membrane-lined tubules to which ribosomes may be attached (rough ER;flattened tubules) or not (smooth ER; rounded tubules) Rough ER is concerned with transport of protein synthesized at the ribosomes. Smooth ER synthesizes complex molecules called steroids in some cells; stores calcium ions in muscle;breaks down toxins in liver.
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Ribosome
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the site of protein synthesis where amino acids are strung in sequence as directed by messenger RNA from the nucleus.
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Golgi complex
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flattened membrane-lined sacs which bud off small vesicles from the edges;collect secretory products and package them for export of cell use.
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Mitochondrion
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membranous, oblong structure in which the inner membrane is convoluted like a maze. Energy for cell operations is generated here through a complex series of reactions between oxygen and products of digestion.
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Vacuoles/pinocytotic vesicles
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membrane-lined containers which can merge with one another or other membrane - lined structure, such as the cell membrane. They function as transport vehicles.
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Lyosome
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membrane-lined container of enzymes with great capacity to break down structure, especially ingested foreign substances.
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Centriole
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bundle of microtubules in the shape of short barrel; usually seen paired,perpendicular to each other. They give rise to spindles used by migrating chromatids during cell division.
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Microtubule
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they are formed of protein and provide structural support for the cell.
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Microfilament
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support structures formed of protein different from that of microtubules. In skeletal muscle, the proteins actin and myosin are examples of thin and thick ones of these.
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Cell inclusion
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aggregation of material within the cell that is not a functional part (organell) of the cell, e.g. glycogen,fat and so on.
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