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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cell theory |
states that all living things are made of one or more cells |
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macromolecules |
formed by joining many small molecules together |
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nucleic acids |
macromolecules that form when long chains of molecules called nucleotides join together |
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proteins |
long chains of amino acid molecules |
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lipid |
a large molecule that does not dissolve in water |
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carbohydrates |
one sugar molecule, two sugar molecules, or a long chain of sugar molecules |
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cell membrane |
flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside a cell |
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cell wall |
a stiff structure outside the cell membrane |
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cytoplasm |
a fluid inside the cell that contains salts and other molecules |
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cytoskeleton |
a network of threadlike proteins that re joined together |
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organelles |
have specialized functions and are surrounded by membranes |
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nucleus |
the part of an eukaryotic cell that directs cell activities and contains genetic information |
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chloroplast |
membrane-bound organelles that use light energy and make food- a sugar called glucose-from water and carbon dioxide in a process known as photosynthesis |
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passive transport |
the movement of substances through a cell membrane without using the cell's energy |
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diffusion |
the movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
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osmosis |
the diffusion of water molecules only through a membrane |
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facilitated diffusion |
when molecules pass through a cell membrane using special proteins called transport proteins |
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active transport |
the movement of substances through a cell membrane only by using the cell's energy |
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endocytosis |
the process during which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane |
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exocytosis |
the process during which a cell's vesicles release their contents outside the cell |
