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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does a typical cell have in it's structure? |
Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus |
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Describe the plasma membrane |
- It is flexible - Made up of phospholipids, membrane proteins, lipid rafts |
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Phospholipids Information |
- 1x polar 'head' that is charged - hydrophillic (water - loving) - 1x non-polar 'tail' that is uncharged - hydrophobic (water - fear) - semipermeable bi-layer (allows some stuff in and allows some stuff out.) - carbohydrates. |
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Phage |
to eat/ engulf |
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Extra |
outside |
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som/a |
body |
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bio |
life |
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plasm |
matter |
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cyt |
cell |
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Describe the phosolipid bi-layer |
- sandwhich - like structure - 2 parallel sheets of phospholipid molecules lying tail to tail, with the polar heads exposed to water on both inside and outside. |
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Membrane Proteins (Integral proteins - embedded into the bi-layer) |
- trans-membrane proteins (some are involved in transport, and cluster together to form channels so water-soluble molecules or ions can move) - Carrier proteins (bind to a substance and then move it through the membrane) |
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Membrane Proteins (Peripheral proteins - not embedded into the bi-layer) |
- peripheral proteins (attach loosely to integral proteins and are easily removed without disrupting the membrane.) - some are enzymes |
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What are the main organelles inside the cell? (10) |
Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, golgi aparatus, (vacuole, lysosome, peroxisome), cytoskeleton, (cilia, flagella, microvilli), centrosome, nucleus. (10) |
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Cytoplasm |
- Structure: Cellular material between the plasma membrane and the nuclues. - 3 parts: cytosol (semi - fluid material), organelles, inclusions (non-functioning substances) |
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Mitochondria |
- Structure: Rodlike, double membrane - Functions: 'powerhouse', supply ATP |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum |
- Structure: Network of connected membranes extending from nuclear membrane. Either Rough (have ribosomes attached), or smooth (no ribosomes). - Function: Protein synthesis + Transport, Lipid metabolism, detoxification |
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Golgi Apparatus |
- Structure: Group of flat membraneous sacs - Function: Modify, concentrate, and package the proteins and lipids made at the rough ER and destined for export from the cell. |
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Ribosome |
- Structure: Round protein structures (granules) containing r-RNA - Function: Protein synthesis |
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Vacuole, Lysosome, Peroxisome |
- Structure: membranous sacs, sacs with enzymes - Function: ingestion, digestion, metabolism, transport, excretion |
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Cytoskeleton |
Structure: Thin rods and tubules Function: support, structure (like the muscles, bones for cell) |
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Cilia, Flagella, Microvilli |
Structure: hair-like projections from plasma membrane with microtubules Function: propel, move substances (Microvilli- increase surface area) |
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Centrosome/ Centrioles |
Structure: rod-like structures with stars-like arrangement. Function: helps in cell reproduction (in meiosis and mitosis they form spindles) |
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Nucleus |
Structure: Surrounded by the nucleus envelope, double membrane with large pores. Function: Control centre. |
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Intracellular fluid |
Within cells |
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Extracellular fluid |
Outside cells |
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What is the function of the plasma membrane? |
- gives the cell a protective layer - allows entry and exit of nutrients and deposits - surrounds nucleus and wall - keeps everything together - attachment of cells - membrane potential (voltage across the membrane), enzyme action - movement - defines, structure of cell, shape |
