Cell Structure

Front 1

Prokaryotic cell

Back 1

bacteria

Thought to be first cells to evolve

Have DNA but not enclosed by a nucleus

Front 2

Eukaryotic cells

Back 2

Have a membrane-surronded nucleus that contains DNA

Many membrane-bound organelles

Front 3

Pro and Euk both have

Back 3

Plasma membrane: that surrounds and delineates the cell

Cytoplasm: that is the semi fluid portion inside the cell, with which all organelles are suspended

Front 4

Selective preamble

Back 4

Plasma cell membrane allows some things to pass inside the cell, while keeping other substances out

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Solvent

Back 5

A liquid that dissolves things

Front 6

Solute

Back 6

What the solvent dissolves

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Diffusion

Back 7

Is the random movement of molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration. It is passive, no energy used

Front 8

Osmosis

Back 8

Is the diffusion of water molecules

Front 9

Isotonic

Back 9

solutions have equal concentrations of solute inside and outside the cell and thus do not affect the cell

Front 10

Hypotonic

Back 10

solutions have a lower concentration of solute outside the cell than inside. Water moves from inside the cell to the outside, which causes the cell to swell and even burst

Front 11

Hypertonic

Back 11

solutions have a higher solute concentration of solute outside the cell than inside. Water moves from inside the cell to outside, which leads to shrinkage

Front 12

Facilitated Diffusion

Back 12

the transport of molecules across the plasma membrane from higher to lower concentration via a protein carrier (passive, no energy required)

Front 13

Active transport

Back 13

is the movement of molecules from a lower to higher concentration via a protein carrier uses ATP as energy

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Endocytosis

Back 14

transports molecules or cells into the cell via invagination of the plasma membrane, to form a vesicle

Front 15

Exocytosis

Back 15

transports molecules out of the cell via fusion of a vesicle with the plasma membrane

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Structure and function of ribosomes

Back 16

Organelles made of rRNA and protein

Found bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis

Front 17

Endomembrane System

Back 17

a series of membranes within the cell that transport molecules

Front 18

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Back 18

Studded with ribosomes used to make proteins

Front 19

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Back 19

lacks ribosomes, aids in making lipids

Front 20

Golgi apparatus

Back 20

flattened membrane stacks that modify and process proteins and lipids made at the endoplasmic reticulum, and packages them into vessicles

Front 21

Vesicles

Back 21

small membranous sacs used for transport of many different substances

Front 22

Lysosomes

Back 22

specialized vesicles made by the Golgi that contain digestive enzymes