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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The study of the cell is known as....
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cytology
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Programmed cell death aka cellular suicide is known as...
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Apoptosis
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generic unspecialized cells are called....
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stem cells
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cells that can generate an entire new organism of that species are known as......
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totipotent cells
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cells that can generate any type of tissue are known as....
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pluripotent cells
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cells that are able to generate cells of similar types are known as....
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multipotent cells
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Where are adult stem cells found?
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may be found in fat and many other tissues
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Where are embryonic stem cells found?
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in the inner cell mass (ICM)
*embryos must be destroyed to obtain stem cells* |
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Chemically triggering a somatic cell to reprogram and behave as a pluripotent stem cell ....
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Induced pluripotent stem cells (IPS)
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Any cell other than a sperm or egg cell is known as a....
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somatic cell
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enucleation
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the removal of the nucleus
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cells have specific or special jobs to do (division of labor)...which promotes effeciency which is known as...
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cell specialization
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individual who observed plant stems, wood, and cork slices..coined the term *cell* for bldg blocks of living things...
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Robert Hooke
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Individual who developed the first high quality microscope...
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Leeuwenhoek
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Individual who discovered the nucleus of cells....
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Robert Brown
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1838...german botanist "all plants are made of cells"
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Schleiden
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1839...german zoologist..."all animals are made of cells"...
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Schwann
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1858..."all cells come from pre-existing cells"...
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Virchow
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Cell theory components...
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1. all living things have cells
2. cell- basic unit structure and function 3. all cells come from pre-existing cells |
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3 basic parts of the cell structure are...
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1. cell membrane
2. nucleus 3. cytoplasm |
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outer boundary of the cell that controls what enters or exits the cell
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cell membrane
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the ability of the membrane to let molecules pass through is known as....
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permeability
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when a membrane only allows certain molecules through it is known as...
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selectively permeable
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when a membrane does not let molecules through it is known as....
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impermeable
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the components that cell membranes are made of...
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phospholipids, protein molecules, and carbohydrates
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a phospholipid structure is made up of...
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a glycerol head and 2 fatty acid tails
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cell membranes made of 2 layers of phospholipids
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phospholipid bilayer
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hydrophylic end of phospholipid (glycerol head)
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faces the water...water loving
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hydrophobic end of phospholipid...(fatty acids)
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faces away from the water...water fearing
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the control center of the cell which contains DNA in the form of chromosomes
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Nucleus
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Nuclear envelope
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double membrane surrounding the nucleus
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Nucleolus
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found inside the nucleus...stores ribosomes
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Cells with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles (everything but bacteria)
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Eukaryotic cells
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cells without a true nucleus (ex.bacteria)
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Prokaryotic cells
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the area between nucleus and cell membrane....gelatinous substance
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cytosol
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mitochondria
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powerhouse of the cell...converts food molecules to ATP
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ATP
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adenosine triphosphate
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Ribosomes
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make proteins...make of rRNA and proteins
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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complex network of channels or tunnels that transport materials through the cell
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two types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
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1. rough ER - has ribosomes attached
2. smooth ER - no ribosomes |
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modifies, collects, packages, and distributes molecules to other parts of the cell
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Golgi bodies
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the process of items leaving the ER and being packaged by the Golgi apparatus. besicles generated may then be incorporated into the cell membrane
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Secretory pathway
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these clean up cells and digest old organelles...are produced by golgi bodies
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lysosomes
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vacuoles
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storage structures
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plastids
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store pigments and starches
ex. chloroplasts |
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chloroplasts
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chlorophyll containing plastid found in plants and algae
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chlorophyll
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green pigment used in photosynthesis
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Chloroplasts and mitochondria similarities...
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both have a double membrane
are energy related found in plant cells similar to bacteria in shape and size |
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the inner framework that gives the cell its shape
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cytoskeleton
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these aide in the movement of cells...
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cilia-hair like projections
flagella-whip like tails amoeboid movement- shifting cytoplasm |
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Levels of cellular organization
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cell
tissue organ organ system |
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cell
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basic unit
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tissue
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groups of similar cells
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organ
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groups of similar tissues
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organ system
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groups of organs working together to do a specific job
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