Cell Respiration

Front 1

What is the formula for cell respiration?

Back 1

Starting with Glucose's formula C6H12+O6 ---> Cell respiration 6CO2+6H20+Energy

Front 2

What level is glyosis at?

Back 2

The substrate level phosphorate

Front 3

What metabolism makes ATP and how does it work?

Back 3

Catabolic process of metabolism, breaks down food which releases ATP

Front 4

What is an enzyme?

Back 4

An enzyme is a catalyst which speeds up reactions without being changed or consumed in the process

Front 5

-ase ending indicates what?

Back 5

an enzyme

Front 6

The four steps of an enzyme are what?

Back 6

1. Active site opens, 2. Substrate then binds to the active site 3. Converted and broken down into products 4. Products get released

Front 7

What process does every cell have for energy?

Back 7

Energy for cellular work

Front 8

What are the four energys with cellular work?

Back 8

1. Mechanical - the muscles moving 2. Molecular transport - using active transport to move across the membrane 3. Biosynthesis - metabolism, either ana or catabolic to make molecules needs in the cell 4. Waste - rids heat and not needed things

Front 9

ATP is a renewable source so when it is added to ADP what happens?

Back 9

ATP's has chemical potential energy that is stored so when it is added it is regenerated

Front 10

What is ADP?

Back 10

Adenosine diphosphate is the constant energy in a cell and is located in a phosphate group

Front 11

Where does the energy to phosphorylate ADP come from?

Back 11

The catabolic reactions of a cell

Front 12

What is the chemical potential energy of ATP?

Back 12

It is energy that is temporarily stored in ATP between bond 2 and 3 and when it is broken it releases energy that is consumed, drives most cellular work

Front 13

What is the catabolic pathway and production of ATP?

Back 13

The breakdown of glucose/ organic molecules resulting in ATP, fermentation, aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration

Front 14

Fermentation is what?

Back 14

a partial degradation of sugar that occurs without Oxygen

Front 15

So Fermentation is ____ and ____ oxygen

Back 15

anarobic, does not need

Front 16

How does aerobic respiration work?

Back 16

It consumes organic molecules and Oxygen which result in ATP

Front 17

How is anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration different?

Back 17

Anaerobic respiration doesnt need oxygen, aerobic does, so anaerobic consumes the compounds other than oxygen

Front 18

The ened result of ATP production is?

Back 18

36 to 38 ATP

Front 19

What is cellular respiration

Back 19

Uses both aerobic and anaerobic respiration even though it is considered more aerobic to make energy with the consumption of carbs, fats, proteins and traced by glucose

Front 20

What does hit the wall refer to?

Back 20

All of ATP being gone/used

Front 21

When does anerobic make ATP?

Back 21

When there is no oxygen

Front 22

What is the biproduct of anerobic respiration?

Back 22

Lactic acid, it makes the muscles sore

Front 23

What are the three stages of cellular respiration?

Back 23

Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phophorylation

Front 24

What is glycolysis?

Back 24

The first stage of cell respiration which breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate

Front 25

So ____ glucose yields ____ pyruvate

Back 25

one glucose, two pyruvate

Front 26

What is the second stage of cell respiration?

Back 26

The citric acid cycle aka Kreb cycle with 8 steps involving citric acid to break glucose and completes the breakdown of glucose

Front 27

The third step of cell respiration?

Back 27

Oxidative phosphorylation which makes most of ATP synthesis, 32 to 34 of the ATP

Front 28

Glycolysis' defined as?

Back 28

reactions where 1 glucose molecule gets oxidased and 2 pyruvate acids are produced

Front 29

The process of glycolysis?

Back 29

Occurs in the cytoplasm, anerobic process to break down sugar

Front 30

How does glycolysis work?

Back 30

It uses 2 ATP to make 4 but only gets 2 ATP and 2 NADH

Front 31

Once the NADH in glycolysis is made where do it go?

Back 31

to the mitochondria's inner membrane known as the cristae

Front 32

Glycolysis is in the _____ it requires ____ energy and breaks down ____,

Back 32

cytoplasm, aerobic energy breaks down sugar

Front 33

The ____ phase is optional and does what?

Back 33

Transition phase which prepares pyruvate to enert the citric acid cycle

Front 34

For every pyruvate entering the transition reaction you get ___ NADH so because there is ____ turns you will end up with ____

Back 34

one NADH, two turns, two total NADH

Front 35

The second step is the ____

Back 35

Citric acid cycle

Front 36

Explain the citric acid cycle?

Back 36

The citric acid cycle breaks down citrate in two turns and results in 2 ATP, 6 NADH and 2 FADH2

Front 37

Transition stage is to what?

Back 37

convert and oxidize pyruvate into acetyl-CoA

Front 38

For every pyruvate converted to acetyl-CoA, there is one turn so you end up with ____ acetyl-CoA

Back 38

two acetyl-CoA

Front 39

Transition stage ____ oxygen so once it is converted it can move into the _____ and start ______

Back 39

needs, mitochondria, the Citric Acid Cycle

Front 40

_____ to acetyl-CoA = _____ to start

Back 40

pyruvate, citric acid cycle

Front 41

Oxidative means

Back 41

Electrons have to give energy so they can be transported to allow energy

Front 42

A substrate is a ?

Back 42

direct transfer of ATP

Front 43

With the _____ cycle you get 36 to 38, without there is ____

Back 43

transition, without is 34-36

Front 44

The oxidative reaction is with the _____ when you get one _____, three ____ and one ____ for every turn

Back 44

citric acid cycle, 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2

Front 45

The _____ cycle has ___ steps each catalyzed by a specific enzyme meaning it is a ____ and ____ fit

Back 45

citric acid cycle, eight steps

Front 46

the lock and key fit enzyme contributes ____ of those steps

Back 46

four

Front 47

The acetyl group of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combing with _______ to form _____

Back 47

oxaloacetate to form citrate

Front 48

After acetyl CoA forms, the next _____ steps decompose citrate back to oxaloacetate making the process a cycle

Back 48

seven

Front 49

The cycle relay electrons produce ____ and ____ that are are the energy from the food to the electron transport chain

Back 49

NADH and FADH2

Front 50

NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers donating their electrons to the _____ which allows ____ synthesis

Back 50

Electron transport chain allowing ATP synthesis to happen

Front 51

ATP synthesis occurs with _____

Back 51

oxidative phosphorylation

Front 52

ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation occurs with _____ that ____ electrons to transport to ATP synthesis

Back 52

chemiosmosis, couple electrons

Front 53

What gives chemosmosis?

Back 53

movement of protons across the membran to form atp synthesis, it is a catalyst to speed the reaction

Front 54

chemismosis moves by ____ across the membrane

Back 54

hydrogen ions

Front 55

Oxidative phosphorylation is what?

Back 55

Electrons moving down the gradient

Front 56

The electron transport chane gives off ____ when it moves down the gradient

Back 56

energy

Front 57

The electron transport chain occurs in the ____ of the mitochondrion

Back 57

cristae

Front 58

The electrons drop in _____ as they go ____ the chain and are finally passed to ____ forming _____

Back 58

free energy, passed to 02 to form H20

Front 59

The _____ forms 32 - 34 ATP

Back 59

ETC