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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rod shaped structures made of DNA and protein is called
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CHROMOSOME
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The DNA in eurkaryotic cells wraps tightly around proteins called
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HISTONES
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Each half of the chromosome is called
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CHROMATID
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The two chromatids of a chromosome are attached at a point called a
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CENTROMERE
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The less tightly coiled DNA protein complex is called
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CHROMATIN
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Sex chromosomes are
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chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism
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Sex chromosomes are either
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X or Y
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Females normally have
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X chromosomes
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Males normally have
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Y chromosomes
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Two of the ? chromosomes are sex chromosomes while the remaining ? are autosomes
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46 and 44
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2 copies of each autosome is called
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HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME
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WHAT IS A PHTOMICROGRAPH OF THE CHROMOSOME IN A NORMAL DIVIDING CELL FOUND IN A HUMAN
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KARYOTYPE
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CELLS HAVING TWO SETS OF CHROMOSOMES ARE
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DIPLOID
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SPERM CELLS AND EGG CELLS ARE
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HAPLOID CELLS WHICH ONLY CONTAIN ONE SET OF CHROMOSOME
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HAPLOID CELLS HAVE ONLY
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ONE AUTOSOME OF EACH HOMOLOGOUS PAIR AND ONLY ONE SEX CHROMOSOME
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WHEN A SPERM CELL AND AN EGG CELL COMBINE TO CREATE THE FIRST CELL OF A NEW ORGANISM THE NEW CELL WILL BE
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DIPLOID
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BINARY FISSION
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IS THE DIVISION OF A PROKARYOTIC CELL INTO 2 OFFSPRING CELLS
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WHAT RESULTS IN NEW CELLS WITH GENETIC MATERIAL THAT IT ISDENTICAL TO THE GENETIC MATERIAL OF THE ORIGINAL CELL
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MITOSIS
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MEIOSIS OCCURS DURING THE FORMATION OF
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GAMETES
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THE TIME BETWEEN CELL DIVISIONS IS CALLED
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INTERPHASE
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DIVISION OF THE CELLS CYTOPLASM IS CALLED
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CYTOKINESIS
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WHAT IS THE FIRST PHASE OF MITOSIS
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PROPHASE
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AS THE CENTROMES SEPERATE __ MADE OF MICROTUBULES RADIATE FROM THE CENTROSOMES IN PREPARATION FOR METAPHASE
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SPINDLE FIBERS
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THIS ARRAY OF SPINDLE FIBERS IS CALLED THE
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MITOTIC SPINDLE
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TWO TYPES OF SPINDLE FIBERS MAKE UP THE MITOTIC SPINDLE
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KINETOCHORE FIBERS
POLAR FIBERS |
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KINETOCHORE FIBERS ATTACH TO A DISK SHAPED PROTEIN CALLED
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KINETOCHORE
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WHERE IS THE KINETOCHORE FOUND?
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CENTROMERE REGION OF EACH CHROMOSOME
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SECOND PHASE OF MITOSIS IS KNOWN AS
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METAPHASE
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WHAT IS THE THIRD PHASE OF MITOSIS
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ANAPHASE
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WHAT HAPPENS DURING ANAPHASE
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1. THE CHROMATIDS OF EACH CHROMOSOME SEPERATE AT THE CENTROMERE AND SLOWLY MOVE TOWARDS OPPOSITE POLES OF THE DIVIDING CELL
2. AFTER THE CHROMATIDS SEPERATE THEY ARE CONSIDERED TO BE INDIVIDUAL CHROMOSOMES |
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WHAT IS THE 4TH STAGE OF MITOSIS
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TELPOPHASE
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WHAT HAPPENS IN TELOPHASE?
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1. AFTER THE CHROMOSOMES REACH OPPOSITE ENDS OF THE CELLS, THE SPINDLE FIBERS DISASSEMBLE AND THE CHROMOSOMES RETURN TO A LESS TIGHTLY COILED CHROMATIN STATE
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DURING TELOPHASE THE CYTOPLASM BEGINS DIVIDING BY THE PROCESS OF
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CYTOKINESIS
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THE AREA OF THE CELL MEMBRANE THAT PINCHES IN AND EVENTUALLY SEPARATES THE DIVIDING CELL INTO 2 CELLS IS CALLED THE
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CLEAVAGE FURROW
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IN PLANT CELLS, VESICLES FROM THE GOLGI APPARTUS JOIN TOGETHER AT THE MIDLINE OF THE DIVIDING CELL TO FORM
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A CELL PLATE
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CONTROL OF CELL DIVISION
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1. CELL GROWTH G1 CHECKPOINT
2. DNA SYNTHESIS G2 CHECKPOINT 3. MITOSIS CHECKPOINT |
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IF A MUTATION OCCURS IN THE GROWTH OFONE OF THE GENES, IT COULD RESULT IN
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CANCER
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WHAT IS CANCER?
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UNCONTROLLED GROWTH OF CELLS
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DO CANCER CELLS RESPOND NORMALLY TO THE BODY'S CONTROL MECHANISM
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THEY DO NOT.
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