Cell Physiology

Front 1

Types of membrane proteins

Back 1

1. Transfer

2. Receptor

3. Enzymes

4. Joining proteins

5. Identifying proteins

Front 2

Transfer proteins types

Back 2

1. Channel (facilitated diffusion)

-gated or non gated

- only let one specific ion through

2. Carrier proteins (facilitated transport or active transport)

- transport glucose

Front 3

Receptor proteins

Back 3

ligands (hormons, nt) bind to it

E.g. glucose reuptake

1. Insulin binds to receptors

2. Triggers glucose transporters to cell membrane

3. Increase glucose transporter = increase glucose from blood into cells.

Front 4

Enzyme (2 examples)

Back 4

Control chemical reactions

E.g. acetylcholinesterase

E.g. Na/K - APTase

Front 5

Joining proteins

Back 5

Anchor cell membrane to cytoskeleton or adjacent cell

1. Junctional proteins form

- desmosome, tight and tap junctions

2. Extracellular fibres (glycoproteins)

Front 6

Identifying proteins (1 example)

Back 6

E.g. major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

- on surface of all cell (but RBC)

- identify cell as "self" not foreign

Front 7

Membrane carbohydrates

Back 7

Glycoproteins and glycolipids

Differ for every cell

Allow sperm to recognize egg

Front 8

Types of passive transport

Back 8

1. Simple diffusion

(Solute cross cell membrane)

2. Facilitated diffusion

(Channel proteins)

3. Facilitated transport

(Carrier proteins)

4. Osmosis

(Movement of water across membrane)

Front 9

Facilitated transport

Back 9

Large, charged molecules

Must bind to carrier proteins

E.g. glucose into liver or skel. Muscle cells.

Front 10

Osmotic pressure

Back 10

Pressure that must be applied to prevent movement of water down its concentration

Front 11

Tonicity

Back 11

Response of a cell immersed in a solution

1. Isotonic

2. Hypotonic (cell swells)

3. Hypertonic (cell shrivels)

Front 12

Uses of tonicity

Back 12

Injecting 10% sucrose solution will draw water into blood from tissue

- used to prevent brain swelling

Front 13

Major body fluids

Back 13

1. Extracellular fluid

- blood plasma

- interstitial fluid

2. Intracellular fluid

Front 14

Bulk flow

Back 14

Movement of fluid and solutes due to a pressure gradient (NOT concentration)

- hydrostatic pressure = pressure of a fluid pressing against a surface (e.g. cell membrane)

Front 15

Filtration

Back 15

When flow flows out of a capillary

Front 16

Absorption

Back 16

When fluid flows from ISF into capillary

Front 17

Active processes

Back 17

1. Active transport

2. Vesicular transport

Front 18

2 types of active transport

Back 18

1. Primary

- 1 protein breaks down ATP and transport the solute (ATPsase)

2. Secondary

- 2 proteins involved (co transfer)

- e.g. glucose entry at small intestine

Front 19

Glucose entry at sm. Intestine

Back 19

1. Na+ gradient established by Na/K ATPase

2. Glucose and Na both bind to carrier.

Na going down concentration gradient drives glucose against its gradient.

Front 20

Vesicular transport

Back 20

Substance us surrounded by a membrane within a cell (a vesicle)

1. Endocytosis

2. Extocytosis

Front 21

Endocytosis

Back 21

1. Phagocytosis (aka cell eating)

- large items into cell (e.g. bacteria)

2. Pinocttosis (aka cell drinking)

- fluids and dissolved substances

Front 22

Exocytosis

Back 22

Movement out of cell

Vesicles containing hormone, enzyme, nt, ect.

Fuse with membrane and release contents into ECF (triggered by a rise of cytosolic Ca+)