Cell Organelles

Front 1

The three parts of the cell theory.

Back 1

1. All organisms are made of cells.
2. All existing cells are produced by other living cells.
3. The cell is the most basic unit of life.

Front 2

Hooke's contribution to cell theory.

Back 2

Hooke was the first to identify cells, and he named them. (Thought cork cell wall looked like monastery cells.)

Front 3

Leewenhoek's contribution to cell theory.

Back 3

Leewenhoek made a better microscope lens and was able to study living cells, which he called animalcules.

Front 4

What is cytoplasm?

Back 4

Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance that contains dissolved molecular building blocks (such as proteins, nucleic acids, minerals, and ions) as well as organelles.

Front 5

What are cell organelles?

Back 5

Cell organelles are structures specialized to perform distinct processes within a cell; usually surrounded by a membrane.

Front 6

Describe a prokaryotic cell.

Back 6

Prokaryotic cells(single-celled organisms) do not have a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles. DNA is suspended in the cytoplasm.

Front 7

Describe a eukaryotic cell.

Back 7

Eukaryotic cells (singe or multi-celled organisms) have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Nucleus (largest organelle) contains genetic info.

Front 8

Cytoskeleton

Back 8

Provides structure and support for a cell.

A network of protein subunits forming threads called microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments.

Front 9

Nucleus

Back 9

The storehouse for DNA, containing instructions for making proteins. The nucleus protects DNA and controls when it is used.

Front 10

Nuclear envelope (membrane)

Back 10

Encloses DNA and controls the passing of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Front 11

Nucleolus

Back 11

Dense region inside the nucleus where ribosomes are made. Ribosomes are made up of proteins and RNA.

Front 12

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 12

An interconnected network of thin folded membranes lined with ribosomes that produce proteins.

Front 13

Golgi Apparatus

Back 13

Consists of closely stacked layers of membrane-enclosed spaces that process, sort, and deliver proteins.

Front 14

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 14

An interconnected network of thin folded membranes without ribosomes - produces lipids, carbohydrates, and detoxification of alcohol and toxins.

Front 15

Ribosomes

Back 15

Either bound to rough ER or suspended in cytoplams or nucleolus- produce proteins that can have sugar chains added in the ER's lumen.

Front 16

Golgi Apparatus

Back 16

Consists of closely stacked layers of membrane-enclosed spaces that process, sort, and deliver proteins.

Front 17

Small Vacuoles (Vesicles)

Back 17

Small membrane-bound sacs that divide some materials needed for chemical reactions from the rest of the cytoplasm and transport them to other places in the cell.

Front 18

Mitochondria

Back 18

"Powerhouse" Supply energy to the cell through a series of chemical reactions.

Front 19

Vacuole

Back 19

Fluid-filled sac used for the storage of materials needed by the cell.

Front 20

Lysosomes

Back 20

Contain enzymes, defend a cell from invading bacteria and viruses, break down damaged or worn-out cell parts.

Front 21

Cell Wall

Back 21

In plant cells, a rigid layer surrounding the cell membrane giving protection, support, and shape to a cell.

Front 22

Chloroplasts

Back 22

In plant cells, organelles that carry out photosynthesis through a series of chemical reaction converting solar energy into energy-rich molecules useful to the cell.

Front 23

Cis Side of Golgi Apparatus

Back 23

Receives vesicles containing proteins from the Rough ER.

Front 24

Trans side of Golgi Apparatus

Back 24

Transports vescicles of modified protiens out towards the cell membrane.

Front 25

Chromatin

Back 25

Thegeneticmaterial in the nucleus which condensestoform chromosomes(DNAand histone proteins)

Front 26

Plasmodesmata

Back 26

Channelsthrough the cell wall that connect cytoplasmsof adjacent cells

Front 27

Central Vacuole

Back 27

In plant cells used for storage ofwater, proteins, pigments, and defensive compounds against herbivores. Also, used to maintainhydrostatic pressure(rigidity).

Front 28

Cell Membrane

Back 28

Phospholipid bilayer surrounding a cell, which limits materials from entering or leaving a cell.

Front 29

Flagella

Back 29

Whip-like appendage used by cells for movement