Cell Organelles

Front 1

The three parts of the cell theory.

Back 1

1. All organisms are made of cells.
2. All existing cells are produced by other living cells.
3. The cell is the most basic unit of life.

Front 2

Hooke's contribution to cell theory.

Back 2

Hooke was the first to identify cells, and he named them. (Thought cork cell wall looked like monastery cells.)

Front 3

Leewenhoek's contribution to cell theory.

Back 3

Leewenhoek made a better microscope lens and was able to study living cells in much greater detail than Hooke.

Front 4

Schleiden's contribution to cell theory.

Back 4

Schleiden was the first to note that plants are made of cells.

Front 5

Schwann's contribution to cell theory.

Back 5

Schwann concluded that all living things are made of cells.

Front 6

Virchow's contribution to cell theory.

Back 6

Virchow proposed that all cells come from other cells.

Front 7

What is cytoplasm?

Back 7

Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance that contains dissolved molecular building blocks (such as proteins, nucleic acids, minerals, and ions) as well as organelles.

Front 8

What are cell organelles?

Back 8

Cell organelles are structures specialized to perform distinct processes within a cell; usually surrounded by a membrane.

Front 9

Describe a prokaryotic cell.

Back 9

Prokaryotic cells(single-celled organisms) do not have a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles. DNA is suspended in the cytoplasm.

Front 10

Describe a eukaryotic cell.

Back 10

Eukaryotic cells (singe or multi-celled organisms) have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Nucleus (largest organelle) contains genetic info.

Front 11

Cytoskeleton

Back 11

A network of protein subunits forming threads called microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments.

Front 12

Microtubules

Back 12

Give the cell shape and act as tracks for the movement of organelles, assisting in cell division.

Front 13

Intermediate filaments

Back 13

Smaller microtubules that give the cell strength.

Front 14

Microfilaments

Back 14

Tiny threads that help a cell move and divide; especially important in muscle cells.

Front 15

Nucleus

Back 15

The storehouse for DNA, containing instructions for making proteins. The nucleus protects DNA and controls when it is used.

Front 16

Nuclear envelope (membrane)

Back 16

Encloses DNA and controls the passing of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Front 17

Nucleolus

Back 17

Dense region where ribosomes, made up of proteins and RNA, essential for making proteins are assembled.

Front 18

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 18

An interconnected network of thin folded membranes that produces proteins and lipids. Lumen- the space between the folds.

Front 19

Ribosomes

Back 19

Either bound to rough ER or suspended in cytoplams or nucleolus- produce proteins that can have sugar chains added in the ER's lumen.

Front 20

Golgi Apparatus

Back 20

Consists of closely stacked layers of membrane-enclosed spaces that process, sort, and deliver proteins.

Front 21

Nuclear envelope (membrane)

Back 21

Encloses DNA and controls the passing of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Front 22

Nucleolus

Back 22

Dense region where ribosomes, made up of proteins and RNA, essential for making proteins are assembled.

Front 23

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 23

An interconnected network of thin folded membranes that produces proteins and lipids. Lumen- the space between the folds.

Front 24

Ribosomes

Back 24

Either bound to rough ER or suspended in cytoplams or nucleolus- produce proteins that can have sugar chains added in the ER's lumen.

Front 25

Golgi Apparatus

Back 25

Consists of closely stacked layers of membrane-enclosed spaces that process, sort, and deliver proteins.

Front 26

Vesicles

Back 26

Small membrane-bound sacs that divide some materials needed for chemical reactions from the rest of the cytoplasm and transport them to other places in the cell.

Front 27

Mitochondria

Back 27

"Powerhouse" Supply energy to the cell through a series of chemical reactions.

Front 28

Vacuole

Back 28

Fluid-filled sac used for the storage of materials needed by the cell.

Front 29

Lysosomes

Back 29

Contain enzymes, defend a cell from invading bacteria and viruses, break down damaged or worn-out cell parts.

Front 30

Centrioles

Back 30

Assist in cell division in animal cells and organize microtubules to from cilia and flagella.

Front 31

Cell Wall

Back 31

In plant cells, a rigid layer surrounding the cell membrane giving protection, support, and shape to a cell.

Front 32

Chloroplasts

Back 32

In plant cells, organelles that carry out photosynthesis through a series of chemical reaction converting solar energy into energy-rich molecules useful to the cell.