Cell Flash Cards

Front 1

Active Transport

Back 1

movement of ions, nutrients, and molecules agross the plasma membrane from a low populated area to a high populated area.

Front 2

Apoptosis

Back 2

the planned death of cells, programmed genetically during different stages of development.

Front 3

ATP
(Adenosine Trophosphate

Back 3

a molecule present in all living cells that supplies the energy for many of the body's metabolic processes.

Front 4

Cell

Back 4

the smallest, membrane-enclosed compartment that can sustain life independent of other entities.

Front 5

Cell Physiology

Back 5

the study of the function of cells

Front 6

Centriole

Back 6

an organelle that helps control cell division and the movement of chromosomes.

Front 7

Channel

Back 7

a grooved passage composed of proteins that allow substances to flow in and out of the cell

Front 8

Chromosome

Back 8

thread-like structure found in the nucleus of a cell that contains DNA and proteins. comes in 23 pairs, 46 chromosomes

Front 9

Cilia

Back 9

Tine hair-like structures that propel single-celled organisms. move particles along a tissue surface, such as the lining of the respiratory track

Front 10

Concentration Gradient

Back 10

unequal distribution of a substance, often in reference to a higher concentration on one side of the plasma membrane that the other.

Front 11

Congenital Defect

Back 11

an abnormality in embryonic or fetal development that is present at birth. may not be inherited.

Front 12

Cytokinesis

Back 12

the division of the cytoplam of a cell following division of the nucleus.

Front 13

Cytoplasm

Back 13

the watery substance around the nucleus where most chemical activities of the cell take place.

Front 14

Cytoskeleton

Back 14

a network of filaments that provide structural support for a cell and act as channels for some types of cellular transport.

Front 15

Cytosol

Back 15

the fluid portion of the cytoplasm

Front 16

Degenerative Disease

Back 16

a condition that gradually gets worse over time.

Front 17

Diffusion

Back 17

happens naturally with no cellular input, spontaneous movement of molecules to reach equalibrium

Front 18

Diploid

Back 18

prossessing a full set of pared chromosomes

Front 19

DNA
(Deoxribonucleic Acid)

Back 19

a molecule of the cell where genetic information is encoded

Front 20

Dominant Inheritance

Back 20

traits or diseases that is passed down from parents.

Front 21

Enoplasmic Reticulum

Back 21

a membrane system present throughout the cytoplasm

Front 22

Enzyme

Back 22

a protein that catalyzes biochemical reactions

Front 23

Equilibrium

Back 23

a state of balance when everything is balanced throughout a cell.

Front 24

Eukaryote

Back 24

a cell that has a nucleus containing genetic material

Front 25

Exocytosis

Back 25

the release of material from a cell by the fusion of a closed membrane shell with a plasma membrane

Front 26

Filtration

Back 26

the passage of liquid through a filter

Front 27

Flagella

Back 27

tiny thread-like extensions that provide locomotion for the cell. found only in sperm in humans.

Front 28

Gene

Back 28

a segment of DNA

Front 29

Genetic enginerring

Back 29

experimental techniques for producing molecules of DNA containing new genes, usually for cloning.

Front 30

Genome

Back 30

the total set of genes in an individual cell

Front 31

Golgi Apparatus

Back 31

stack of membrane sacs where sugar is added to protein and where cellular products are packaged.

Front 32

Haploid

Back 32

containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

Front 33

Hydrolysis

Back 33

the splitting of a compound into fragments by the addition of water

Front 34

Lysosome

Back 34

tiny sac containing enzymes that digest cellular matter that is damaged or foreign to the body

Front 35

Mitosis

Back 35

cell division resulting in two daughter cells, cell replacement

Front 36

Meiosis

Back 36

a form of nuclear division in which there are actually two successive divisions that result in forming haploid gametes.

Front 37

Mutation

Back 37

a change in the genetic material.

Front 38

Necrosis

Back 38

the death of cells resulting from injury.

Front 39

Nucleotide

Back 39

the basic component of DNA and RNA.

Front 40

Nucleus

Back 40

contains genetic material, major organelle of eukaryotic cells.

Front 41

Organelle

Back 41

a specialized structure within cells that performs a specific function

Front 42

Osmosis

Back 42

the movement of solvent through a semipermeable membrane.

Front 43

Osmotic Pressure

Back 43

the pressure exerted by water or other solvents flowing into a solution through a membrane.

Front 44

Phagocyte

Back 44

a cell that has teh ability to ingest and destroy such substances as bacteria and cellular debris.

Front 45

Pinocytosis

Back 45

the uptake of fluid material into a cell

Front 46

Plasma Membrane

Back 46

membrane surrounding a cell.

Front 47

Prokaryote

Back 47

a cell whose genetic material is not contained in a nucleus.

Front 48

Recessive Inheritance

Back 48

traits and disease where both parents have the same abnormal gene, although may or may not appear.

Front 49

Replication

Back 49

the reproduction of an exact copy.

Front 50

Ribosome

Back 50

a component of RNA involved in synthesizing poteins

Front 51

RNA
(Ribonucleic Acid)

Back 51

a molecule found in all living cells,transfers genetic information from DA to the cytoplasm

Front 52

Selective Permeability

Back 52

the property of the plasma membrane that allows the passage of certain substances into and out of the cell.