Exercise 4 The Cell

Front 1

Interphase

Back 1

▪︎Cell carries out normal metabolic activities

Nuclear envelope & nucleoli is intact & visible

▪︎Period of growth

▪︎3 periods

-G1: Centrioles began replication

-S: DNA is replicated

-G2: Centrioles complete replication, ready for mitosis

Front 2

Mitosis

Back 2

▪︎Division of copied DNA in cell

▪︎Product: two daughter cells

Front 3

Early Prophase

Back 3

•Chromatin condenses forming chromosomes •Sister chromatids held together at the centromere

•Nucleoli disappear

•Centromere separate

•Mitotic spindles lengthens until centromere is at opposite end

•Centromere grows asters

Front 4

Metaphase

Back 4

▪︎Chromosomes cluster at middle of cell

Front 5

Anaphase

Back 5

•Shortest phase

•Chromosomes are split

•Each chromatid is pulled to opposite ends of the cell

Front 6

Telophase

Back 6

Chromosome movement stops

•Nuclear envelope is formed

Mitosis ends

•Nuclei appears

Front 7

Cytokinesis

Back 7

Microfilaments form cleavage furrow and pinches cell apart

Front 8

Threadlike genetic material loosely dispersed in nucleus

Back 8

Chromatin

Front 9

The end result when chromatin coils, and condenses forming dense, rodlike bodies

Back 9

Chromosomes

Front 10

Nucleoi is composed of

Back 10

Proteins & RNA

Front 11

Ribosome

Back 11

Composition: RNA & Proteins

Location: in cytoplasm, on ER

Function: Protein synthesis

Front 12

Smooth ER

Back 12

Composition: membraneous tubules

Function: steriod & lipid synthesis, drug detoxification

Front 13

Smooth ER

Back 13

Composition: membraneous tubules

Function: steriod & lipid synthesis, drug detoxification

Front 14

Rough ER

Back 14

Composition: ribosome & tubules Function: storage & transport of proteins made on ribosomes

Front 15

Golgi apparatus

Back 15

Function: packing proteins

Front 16

Lysosomes

Back 16

Composition: digestive enzymes

Function: digest wornout organelles and foreign substances

Front 17

Perioxisomes

Back 17

Location: liver and kidney cells

Function: detoxify alcohols, free radicals

Front 18

Centrioles

Back 18

Composition: microtubules

Function: direct the formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division

Front 19

Cytoskeletal elements

Back 19

Composition: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

Function: cellular support & intracellular transport

Front 20

Late Prophase

Back 20

•Nuclear envelope breaks down

•Some microtubules attach to Kinetochores

•The Kinetochores pull on the chromosomes drawing them to the center of the cell

Front 21

What has a bi-lipid layer and acts as a protective environment for the cell

Back 21

Plasma membrane

Front 22

The ability to maintain a constant internal environment despite changes in the environment

Back 22

Homeostasis

Front 23

Ribosomes make what?

Back 23

Protein

Front 24

Where a lipids sythesized

Back 24

Smooth ER