Cell Biology Questions

Front 1

The continued existence of as many species as possible provides what kinds of value to humans?

Back 1

All of the above are correct.

Front 2

The single greatest current threat to biodiversity is _____.

Back 2

habitat destruction due to human activities

Front 3

____________ species are those that humans intentionally or accidentally move from the species' native locations to new geographic regions.

Back 3

introduced

Front 4

The study and protection of biological diversity is __________.

Back 4

conservation biology

Front 5

Which of the following systems has the highest level of species richness and endemic species?

Back 5

tropical rain forests

Front 6

You arrive back in the U.S. after having visited a foreign country located on another continent. The customs agent stops the person in front of you and confiscates the fruit basket this person is bringing home. Being the knowledgeable person you are, you calmly explain to your enraged fellow traveler that the reason for the detainment is that the fruit basket may be ______.

Back 6

carrying an exotic species that could damage North American ecosystems

Front 7

Introduced species can have important effects on biological communities by ______.

Back 7

doing all of these

Front 8

Why might introduced species flourish in their nonnative habitat?

Back 8

The nonnative habitat may lack predators that recognize the introduced species as prey.

Front 9

The nonnative habitat may lack predators that recognize the introduced species as prey

Back 9

All of the choices are likely to result from an increase in global atmospheric temperature of as little as 2 percent.

Front 10

Which of the following is not a likely consequence of the thinning of the ozone layer?

Back 10

All of the choices are likely consequences of the thinning of the ozone layer

Front 11

A species’ chances of becoming extinct are increased when its geographic range is _____________, its local population size is _____________, and it habitat tolerance is _______________.

Back 11

restricted; small; narrow

Front 12

Background extinction rates tend to:

Back 12

have decreased over the past 500 million years.

Front 13

The current mass extinction is __________

Back 13

both of the above are correct statements

Front 14

___________ is a narrow strip or series of small clumps of quality habitat connecting otherwise isolated patches.

Back 14

movement corridors

Front 15

Biodiversity _________________ have been identified based on high biodiversity and imminent threats caused by human activities

Back 15

hotspots

Front 16

Though still important, which of the following is NOT one of the causes of extinction?

Back 16

all of the above are causes of extinction

Front 17

Which of the following industries may lead to overexploitation of resources?

Back 17

All of the above are correct.

Front 18

Acid precipitation dissolves _________________ in soil and carries the dissolved metal—which is toxic to animals—into lakes and streams, where it can kill most forms of aquatic animal life.

Back 18

aluminum

Front 19

Over the last 200 years, the amount of CO2 in the air has:

Back 19

Both a) and b) are correct.

Front 20

Ozone depletion is a cause for concern because:

Back 20

without the protection against solar radiation provided by ozone, rates of skin cancer are likely to increase.

Front 21

____________________ is responsible for the greatest loss of tropical forests.

Back 21

Agriculture

Front 22

Classifying animals as endangered or threatened:

Back 22

Both b) and c) are correct. Makes legal tools available to help protect the species and describes the likelihood of a species' continued survival

Front 23

An umbrella species:

Back 23

is a species whose protection results in the protection of many other species as well.

Front 24

Which of the following statements about habitat loss is CORRECT?

Back 24

Fragmented habitats can only support small populations of the species living in them.

Front 25

A species that can engender significant public support for conservation of other species and the ecosystem they all inhabit is called:

Back 25

a flagship species.

Front 26

Which of the following is abiotic

Back 26

a rock

Front 27

An ecosystem:

Back 27

consists of all of the living and non-living things functioning together in an area.

Front 28

The distribution of terrestrial biomes across the globe corresponds MOST to which of the following?

Back 28

climate

Front 29

Which of the following BEST defines a biome?

Back 29

areas with distinct plant communities and associated with particular climates

Front 30

What is the primary source of energy for nearly all of Earth's ecosystems?

Back 30

sunlight

Front 31

____________ and __________ are the major factors that determine climate

Back 31

Temperature; precipitation

Front 32

Populations of two coexisting species both only feed at the third tophic level. What relationship may exist between these two organisms?

Back 32

competition

Front 33

How does energy flow differ from chemical cycling?

Back 33

Energy flow is unidirectional; chemical elements can be recycled

Front 34

Bears eat berries, humans and large fish; large fish eat smaller fish and insects; humans eats bears, large fish and berries; venus fly traps eat insects. The scenario described here is an example of ___________ .

Back 34

food web

Front 35

The term “rain shadow” describes:

Back 35

the lower average rainfall that occurs on the backside of mountains.

Front 36

Omnivores:

Back 36

are never found in the first trophic level.

Front 37

Roughly how much energy in a trophic level is available to the next trophic level

Back 37

10%

Front 38

Humans are ___________ .

Back 38

omnivores

Front 39

Why are most energy pyramids limited to three to five levels?

Back 39

There is insufficient energy to support more trophic levels.

Front 40

The main abiotic reservoir for carbon is _____________ .

Back 40

atmosphere

Front 41

Populations of two coexisting species both only feed at the third trophic level. What relationship may exist between these two organisms?

Back 41

competition

Front 42

Organisms at the first trophic level are ______.

Back 42

primary producers

Front 43

In the food chain grass antelope human lion, the antelope is ______.

Back 43

both an herbivore and a primary consumer

Front 44

Organisms play a significant role in:

Back 44

Organisms play a significant role in all of the above.

Front 45

Over the last 200 years, the amount of CO2 in the air has:

Back 45

Both a) and b) are correct.

Front 46

The American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) and the Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) are found on different continents; however, both hunt for small mammals and birds in open country. Therefore, these two species:

Back 46

occupy similar niches.

Front 47

The “competitive exclusion principle” states that:

Back 47

no two species competing for the same resources can stably coexist.

Front 48

The monarch butterfly uses ___________________ as a defense for reducing predation.

Back 48

warning coloration

Front 49

In a commensal relationship:

Back 49

one species benefits while the other neither benefits nor is harmed.

Front 50

Keystone species:

Back 50

play an unusually important role in determining the species composition in a habitat.

Front 51

When more than two members of the same species live in the same place at the same time, they constitute:

Back 51

a population.

Front 52

When determining the growth rate of a population, which of the following are NOT important?

Back 52

starting population size

Front 53

A population with a higher death rate than birth rate may still have positive growth. This statement is:

Back 53

correct; if immigration rates plus birth rates are greater than death rate plus emigration rate, population growth will still be positive even if birth rate is lower than death rate alone.

Front 54

On average, which leaves more offspring that survive to become adults and reproduce: a pair of elephants or a pair of rabbits?

Back 54

If both populations are stable, then the pair of elephants and the pair of rabbits will leave the same number of offspring that survive to become adults and reproduce.

Front 55

A population with an S-shaped growth curve is said to exhibit _____________ growth.

Back 55

logistic

Front 56

Which of the following is NOT an example of a density-dependent limiting factor that will influence carrying capacity?

Back 56

flooding

Front 57

Population density is determined by the number of:

Back 57

individuals of a species in a given area.

Front 58

Life histories are based on:

Back 58

all the above

Front 59

A organisms with a slow development and a high investment in their young will most likely have a __________ survivorship curve.

Back 59

Type 1

Front 60

What type of survivorship curve do humans have?

Back 60

Type 1

Front 61

A survivorship curve that had low survivorship in the beginning and stabilized after high initial mortality would be characteristic for which type of organism?

Back 61

cod

Front 62

A population pyramid:

Back 62

reflects the number of individuals in various age groups in a population.

Front 63

A population pyramid that gets wider in shape with higher age groups represents _____ while a population pyramid with nearly parallel lines represents _____.

Back 63

declining growth; stationary growth

Front 64

A primary difference in the age-pyramids of industrialized versus third-world countries is that:

Back 64

third-world countries have much larger proportions of their population in the youngest age group.Question 15

Front 65

Approximately what is the current size of the human population?

Back 65

7 billion

Front 66

Approximately what was the human population of the world in the year 1950?

Back 66

2.5 billion

Front 67

What level of ecology is concerned with groups of individuals of the same species?

Back 67

population

Front 68

What is a population?

Back 68

a group of organisms of the same species isolated in space and time

Front 69

Which of these is NOT a population?

Back 69

all of the organisms living in your home

Front 70

In the absence of limiting factors, what shape does a population's growth curve most closely resemble

Back 70

J

Front 71

In the presence of limiting factors, what shape does a population's growth curve most closely resemble?

Back 71

S

Front 72

______ is the number of individuals of a species that a particular habitat can support.

Back 72

Carrying capacity

Front 73

Which of the following is a major trade-off in life histories?

Back 73

growth for reproduction

Front 74

A population pyramid:

Back 74

represents the number of individuals in various age groups in a population

Front 75

The primary difference between the age pyramids of industrialized and developing countries is that:

Back 75

in developing countries, much larger proportions of the population are in the youngest age groups

Front 76

Which of the following terms includes all of the others in the list?

Back 76

vascular plant

Front 77

Which of the following is a significant new challenge plants faced in moving to land that they had not faced in their aquatic environment?

Back 77

desiccation

Front 78

Which is the best brief description of the vascular system of the very first terrestrial plants?

Back 78

The first plants did not develop a vascular system.

Front 79

Both mosses and ferns must have free standing water present (e.g., water droplets) in order to fulfill their requirements for fertilization. Which of the following choices is the most likely explanation for why this would be?

Back 79

Both mosses and ferns have motile male gametes that require water to travel to the female gametes.

Front 80

The ferns possess all of the following EXCEPT:

Back 80

seeds

Front 81

Early seed plants were pollinated by:

Back 81

wind

Front 82

A seed is:

Back 82

an embryonic plant with its own supply of water and nutrients encased within a protective coating.

Front 83

The evolution of seeds allowed for:

Back 83

plants to colonize dryer climates

Front 84

The common term for the action of transferring pollen grains from an anther onto a stigma is:

Back 84

pollination.

Front 85

Which of the following is NOT an example of a gymnosperm

Back 85

ferns

Front 86

Which of the following most clearly defines the process of pollination?

Back 86

They are wind-pollinated.

Front 87

Which of the following is NOT a structural characteristic that allow conifers to grow taller and reach older ages than any other plants?

Back 87

water distribution throughout plant by diffusion

Front 88

The world's tallest and longest-lived trees are:

Back 88

conifers

Front 89

In angiosperms the _______________ are the specialized reproductive organs whose main function is to bring together the sperm and egg.

Back 89

flowers

Front 90

In the human body:

Back 90

there are more microbial cells than human cells.

Front 91

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about microbes?

Back 91

Microbes are not genetically diverse.

Front 92

Viruses are most closely related, in that they share a common ancestor, to which domain of life?

Back 92

Viruses are not considered to be part of the tree of life.

Front 93

________________ is added to milk to make yogurt.

Back 93

Bacteria

Front 94

Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that:

Back 94

cause disease.

Front 95

Antibiotics have no effect on:

Back 95

viruses.

Front 96

All fungi are multicellular, but some also have an unicellular form that is called:

Back 96

yeast.

Front 97

The closest relative to fungi are ___________.

Back 97

animals

Front 98

The cell wall of fungi is made of:

Back 98

chitin.

Front 99

Members of the Archaea have been observed most commonly:

Back 99

in very extreme (with respect to temperature, salinity, pressure, etc.) environments.

Front 100

All animals:

Back 100

are heterotrophic.

Front 101

The most ancient branching point in the phylogeny of animals is the one that distinguishes between having:AnswerSelected Answer: true tissues or no tissues.Correct Answer: The most ancient branching point in the phylogeny of animals is the one that distinguishes between having:

Back 101

true tissues or no tissues.

Front 102

Which of the following statements about animal nervous systems is CORRECT?

Back 102

All taxonomic groups of animals have nervous systems EXCEPT sponges.

Front 103

Some general evolutionary change trends in animals include:

Back 103

larger body size, bilateral symmetry, and an enclosed, fluid-filled body cavity.

Front 104

According to Darwin:

Back 104

it is improper to view any species as higher or lower than any other species.

Front 105

Why is the amniotic egg considered a key evolutionary innovation?

Back 105

It greatly increases the survival probabilities of eggs in a terrestrial environment.

Front 106

Which of the following are chordates?

Back 106

all of the above are chordates

Front 107

Lampreys and hagfishes:

Back 107

are the only living jawless vertebrates.

Front 108

Sharks have ________________ skeletons, while salmon have _______________ skeletons.

Back 108

cartilaginous; bony

Front 109

In what order do the following taxa appear in the fossil record?

Back 109

invertebrates, fish, land plants, amphibians

Front 110

The two most important evolutionary innovations in vertebrates, which resulted in their eventual domination of the large animal niches, were:

Back 110

evolution of jaws and amniotic eggs.

Front 111

Which came first, the chicken or the egg?

Back 111

The egg, because the amniotic egg evolved well before the first bird.

Front 112

Birds are most closely related to:

Back 112

crocodiles.

Front 113

Birds are ___________________, while turtles are _________________.

Back 113

endotherms; ectotherms

Front 114

Which of the following is NOT a reptile?

Back 114

toad

Front 115

Two important features that distinguish mammals from any other type of animal are:

Back 115

hair and mammary glands.

Front 116

The bat's wing is NOT homologous to which of the following?

Back 116

the dragonfly's wing

Front 117

Most species of animals are:

Back 117

invertebrates.

Front 118

Which order of insects has the highest species diversity, more than that of any other order in animals?

Back 118

beetles

Front 119

All arthropods have:AnswerSelected Answer: a chitinous exoskeleton and jointed appendages.Correct Answer: a chitinous exoskeleton and jointed appendages.

Back 119

a chitinous exoskeleton and jointed appendages.

Front 120

All of the following are insects EXCEPT:

Back 120

ticks

Front 121

Which animal phylum lacks true tissues?

Back 121

Porifera (sponges)

Front 122

In what order did the following structures or processes evolve?

Back 122

prokaryotic cell, photosynthesis, multicellularity, terrestriality

Front 123

In terms of their adaptation to living on land, how are reptiles similar to the seed plants?

Back 123

Seed plants and reptiles have developed structures such as cuticles and impermeable skin in order to minimize water loss.

Front 124

Reptiles show numerous adaptations for a completely terrestrial life cycleOne adaptation that first occurred in the reptiles includes:

Back 124

the amniotic egg.

Front 125

Which of the following would occur due to a geographic separation keeping members of one species from interacting with one another?

Back 125

allopatric speciation

Front 126

Sympatric refers to

Back 126

population of zebras living in the same geographical area

Front 127

In plants _______________ is a common form of sympatric speciation.

Back 127

polyploid

Front 128

Phase 1 of the creation of life on earth was _____________________Phase 2 was the formation of self-replicating, information-containing moleculesPhase 3 was the development of a membrane, which enabled metabolism and created the first cells

Back 128

the formation of small molecules containing carbon and hydrogen

Front 129

Which of the following is(are) characteristics of punctuated equilibrium?

Back 129

all of the above

Front 130

Which of the following is TRUE about bacteria?

Back 130

Only a small fraction of bacteria cause disease

Front 131

What is the approximate age of the earth?

Back 131

4.6 billion years

Front 132

Researchers have found that mixtures of phospholipids placed in water or salt solutions tend to spontaneously form:

Back 132

small spherical units that resemble living cells

Front 133

Horses and donkeys can breed and produce sterile offspring known as mulesHorses and donkeys remain separate species because of this hybrid sterility, which is:

Back 133

a postzygotic barrier to reproduction.

Front 134

On what basis are populations assigned to the same biological species?

Back 134

they can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Front 135

When brought together in a zoo, two species are capable of mating and producing fertile offspringWhy may they still be considered two distinct species?

Back 135

Zoos are artificial environments.

Front 136

A generation to generation change in the population's frequencies of alleles is called, ______.

Back 136

microevolution

Front 137

A reproductive barrier that prevents species from mating is an example of ______.

Back 137

a pre-zygotic barrier

Front 138

The evolutionary history of groups of organisms is known as:

Back 138

phylogeny.

Front 139

A population of organisms that breaks away and becomes different from the original population through isolation and separate evolution might eventually become a separate:

Back 139

species.

Front 140

Which of the following is a pair of closely related homologous features?

Back 140

bear paw and bat wing

Front 141

Speciation requires ______.

Back 141

genetic isolation

Front 142

A pattern of evolution in which most change in appearance takes place during a relatively short period of time fits the ______ model of speciation.

Back 142

punctuated equilibrium

Front 143

Macroevolution includes all of the following except

Back 143

adaptation of populations over the short term.

Front 144

The current mass extinction is believed to be primarily caused by:

Back 144

human actions.

Front 145

Darwin argued that modern species developed by, _________________ .

Back 145

the preservation of favorable variations and the loss of unfavorable ones from a population

Front 146

Natural selection ______.

Back 146

results in evolutionary adaptation

Front 147

Which of the following is a population?

Back 147

the termites infesting your house

Front 148

The smallest unit of evolution is the ______.

Back 148

population

Front 149

Evolution occurs:

Back 149

only via natural selection, genetic drift, migration, or mutation.

Front 150

While searching through a book store you come across a book entitled 'Voyage of the Beagle'. This book is about;

Back 150

Darwin's journey to explore the world

Front 151

The origin of all genetic variation is:

Back 151

mutation.

Front 152

When a sudden change in the environment, such as a flood or a fire, reduces the size of a population, the survivors’ collective gene pool becomes only a limited representation of what was present before the disaster. This phenomenon is called:

Back 152

the bottleneck effect.

Front 153

Genetic drift is the result of ______.

Back 153

chance

Front 154

After surviving a bottleneck, a population recovers to the point where it consists of as many individuals as it did prior to the bottleneck. Which of the following statements is most likely to apply to this population?

Back 154

The postbottleneck population exhibits less genetic variation than the prebottleneck population.

Front 155

The founder effect differs from a population bottleneck in that the founder effect ______.

Back 155

involves the isolation of a small colony of individuals from a larger population

Front 156

Gene flow is accomplished by ______.

Back 156

migration

Front 157

A storm washed 5 female and 5 male tiger beetles from the mainland to a small island that had no previous population of tiger beetlesIn tiger beetles, having six spots (A) is dominant to having four spots (a)All 10 beetles had six spots, but 1 male and 1 female were heterozygous for the four-spot traitIf 6 of the beetles died randomly without reproducing, the ratio of the genotypes could be quite different in subsequent generationsThis change in allele frequencies would be an example of:

Back 157

genetic drift.

Front 158

Natural selection can only act on traits:

Back 158

that are heritable.

Front 159

Artificial selection was used on corn to produce a single strain of corn with increased growth rates and greater resistance to a fungusAlthough farmers have continued to select for these traits, the productivity of this strain is no longer increasingThis suggests that:

Back 159

all or most of the natural variation for these traits has been eliminated.

Front 160

Which of the following is the best measure of an organism’s fitness?

Back 160

the number of fertile offspring it produces

Front 161

“Survival of the fittest” may be a misleading phrase to describe the process of evolution by natural selection because:

Back 161

survival matters less to natural selection than reproductive success does.

Front 162

A population’s environment sometimes changes too quickly for natural selection to adapt the individuals in the population to the environmentIn these situations:

Back 162

extinction occurs during the following generation.

Front 163

_____________ selection favors organisms with phenotypes that are at one extreme relative to the average phenotype

Back 163

Directional

Front 164

Until the middle of the 19th century, all peppered moths (Biston betularia) observed around Manchester, England, were light in colorIn 1845, a single black peppered moth was reportedAs Manchester became more industrialized and dark soot began to cover the bark of the trees, the frequency of black moths increased greatlyThe change in proportion of light and dark forms resulted from:

Back 164

directional selection.

Front 165

True-breeding plants ______.

Back 165

self-fertilize to produce offspring identical to the parent

Front 166

Alleles are decribed as _________________ .

Back 166

alternate forms of the same gene

Front 167

A true-breeding plant that produces yellow seeds is crossed with a true-breeding plant that produces green seedsAll of the seeds of all of the offspring are yellowWhy?

Back 167

The yellow allele is dominant to the green allele.

Front 168

A true-breeding plant that produces yellow seeds is crossed with a true-breeding plant that produces green seeds to produce F1 plants that have yellow seedsWhat is the expected phenotypic ratio of seed color of the offspring of an F1 x F1 cross?

Back 168

3:01

Front 169

Attached earlobes are recessive to free earlobes. What genotypic ratio is expected when an individual with attached earlobes mates with an individual heterozygous for free earlobes?

Back 169

1:01

Front 170

Attached earlobes are recessive to free earlobes. What phenotypic ratio is expected when an individual with attached earlobes mates with an individual heterozygous for free earlobes?

Back 170

1:01

Front 171

Attached earlobes are recessive to free earlobes. What is the probability of having a child with attached earlobes when an individual with attached earlobes mates with an individual heterozygous for free earlobes?

Back 171

50%

Front 172

What is the phenotype of an individual who is heterozygous for dimples?

Back 172

dimples

Front 173

An individual who is homozygous ______.

Back 173

carries two copies of the same allele for a gene

Front 174

Which of these crosses will only produce heterozygous offspring?

Back 174

AA x aa

Front 175

In order to determine the genotype of an individual who expresses a dominant trait, you would cross that individual with an individual who ______.

Back 175

is homozygous recessive for that trait

Front 176

A couple has two female childrenWhat is the probability that their next child will be male?

Back 176

50%

Front 177

What is the key to the recognition of incomplete dominance?

Back 177

The phenotype of the heterozygote falls between the phenotypes of the homozygotes.

Front 178

An individual with (naturally) curly hair and an individual with (naturally) straight hair mate, all of their offspring have (naturally) wavy hairWhat is the relationship between the alleles for hair texture?

Back 178

incomplete dominance

Front 179

What is the key to the recognition of codominance?

Back 179

The heterozygote expresses the phenotype of both homozygotes.

Front 180

Genes are carried on ______.

Back 180

chromosomes

Front 181

The chromosomes of eukaryotic cells are found in the ______.

Back 181

nucleus

Front 182

A duplicated chromosome consists of two ______.

Back 182

chromatids

Front 183

Sister chromatids are joined at the ______.

Back 183

centromere

Front 184

Which of the following does NOT occur during interphase?

Back 184

chromatin becomes tightly coiled

Front 185

The cell cycle results in the production of ______

Back 185

two diploid cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information

Front 186

A karyotype reveals:

Back 186

the number, shape and sizes of chromosomes in an individual

Front 187

Which of the following is not a stage of mitosis?

Back 187

interphase

Front 188

The correct sequence of the stages of the cell cycle is ______.

Back 188

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Front 189

What type of chromosomal abnormality leads to the phenotype known as Down syndrome?

Back 189

trisomy 21

Front 190

Which of these are benefits of sexual reproduction?

Back 190

all of the above

Front 191

Which of the following are characteristics of cancer cells?

Back 191

all of the above are correct

Front 192

A cell that completed the cell cycle WITHOUT undergoing cytokinesis would ______.

Back 192

have two nuclei

Front 193

During which stage of the cell cycle does cytokinesis usually occur?

Back 193

telophase

Front 194

What is the difference between a benign and a malignant tumor?

Back 194

Benign tumors do not metastasize; malignant tumors do.

Front 195

You decide that you want to die of cancerWhich of these will help you achieve your goal?

Back 195

avoid colonoscopies and other early screening procedures

Front 196

Homologous chromosomes ______.

Back 196

carry the same gene sequence

Front 197

What is the sex chromosome complement of a normal human male?

Back 197

XY

Front 198

How many autosomes do humans have?

Back 198

44

Front 199

Chromosomes that do not determine sex are called ______.

Back 199

autosomes

Front 200

Asexual reproduction _____.

Back 200

produces offspring genetically identical to the parent

Front 201

Replication of all the chromosomal DNA occurs _____.

Back 201

before a cell divides

Front 202

A benign tumor is a condition in which the cells _____.

Back 202

remain confined to their original site

Front 203

With the exception of the gametes, a human cell contains _____ chromosomes.

Back 203

46

Front 204

Mitosis and cytokinesis result in the formation of ______; meiosis and cytokinesis result in the formation of ________.

Back 204

two diploid cells ... four haploid cells

Front 205

DNA is a macromolecule made up of repeating ____________ .

Back 205

nucleotides

Front 206

Which nitrogenous base is not contained within DNA?

Back 206

uracil

Front 207

In a DNA double helix, adenine pairs with ______ and guanine pairs with ______.

Back 207

thymine . . . cytosine

Front 208

If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence GTCCAT, what is the sequence of the other strand?

Back 208

CAGGTA

Front 209

X-rays and ultraviolet rays from the sun can result in

Back 209

mutations

Front 210

Avoiding sunburns, smoking, and radiation can help prevent _________ which can lead to _____________ .

Back 210

mutations, cancer

Front 211

What is recombinant DNA?

Back 211

DNA that carries genes from different organisms

Front 212

What process describes the development of corn from the ancestral variety to the modern variety pictured here?

Back 212

genetic engineering

Front 213

Which of the following are examples of how biotechnology has impacted modern food?

Back 213

all of the above are examples of biotechnology

Front 214

Gel electrophoresis seperates DNA fragments on the basis of differences in their ______.

Back 214

length

Front 215

Ethical dilemmas raised by DNA technology and knowledge of the human genome include ______.

Back 215

All of the choices are issues raised by current DNA technology and knowledge of the human genome.

Front 216

"Golden rice" is golden because it is rich in ______.

Back 216

beta-carotene

Front 217

Nuclear transplantation involves replacing nuclei of egg cells with nuclei from a differentiated (or adult) cell, this has been used to _____________ .

Back 217

clone animals

Front 218

Hamster ovaries now produce large amounts of __________________ used to treat anemia in people.

Back 218

human erythropoietin

Front 219

Cells that have the ability to develop into any type of cell in the body are called ___________ .

Back 219

stem cells

Front 220

Electrophoresis is used to _____.

Back 220

separate fragments of DNA

Front 221

The physical appearance of an organism due to the specific genes that individual has is called the ____________.

Back 221

phenotype

Front 222

The sequence of bases in a DNA molecule that carries the information necessary for producing a functional produce is called a(n) _____________ .

Back 222

gene

Front 223

These steps, remove nucleus from an egg, replace nucleus with one from an adult animal cell, initiate cell division..are used in the process of _________________ .

Back 223

cloning

Front 224

Select the option that list the terms from most to least inclusive.

Back 224

genome, chromosome, gene

Front 225

Life gains most of its energy from:

Back 225

sunlight.

Front 226

Which one of the following statements best represents the relationship between respiration and photosynthesis?

Back 226

Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, while respiration releases it.

Front 227

Potential energy:

Back 227

is contained in matter placed in certain positions or arrangements.

Front 228

Which of the following is NOT a form of kinetic energy?

Back 228

a covalent bond linking phosphate molecules

Front 229

Every time a source of energy is converted from one form to another:

Back 229

some of the energy is converted to heat, which is one of the least usable forms of kinetic energy.

Front 230

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy is constant; it can ____________________, but not _______________.

Back 230

be transferred and transformed; created or destroyed

Front 231

When ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP, what happens?

Back 231

One phosphate is removed.

Front 232

Each ATP molecule is composed of three separate subunitsWhich of the following is NOT a proper description of one of these subunits?

Back 232

three carbon-nitrogen rings

Front 233

Which of the following sequences accurately represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?

Back 233

H2O --> NADPH --> Calvin cycle

Front 234

Which of the following is NOT a product of photosynthesis?

Back 234

carbon dioxide

Front 235

A green plant can carry out photosynthesis if given nothing more than:

Back 235

water, light, and air.

Front 236

Carotenoids:

Back 236

are accessory pigments in chloroplasts that protect the chlorophyll by absorbing excessive light energy.

Front 237

Aerobic bacteria:

Back 237

lack mitochondria.

Front 238

Anaerobic mammals:

Back 238

do not exist.

Front 239

Cellular respiration is the process by which:

Back 239

energy from the chemical bonds of food molecules is captured by an organism.

Front 240

Glycolysis:

Back 240

occurs in all cells

Front 241

Three different metabolic pathways are responsible for the production of ATPWhat are they?

Back 241

glycolysis, the reactions on the electron transport chain, and the Krebs (citric acid) cycle

Front 242

Which of the following energy-generating processes is the only one that occurs in all living organisms?

Back 242

glycolysis

Front 243

Energy used in cellular respiration can originate from:

Back 243

carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Front 244

Fermentation reactions generally occur under conditions of:

Back 244

low oxygen concentrations.

Front 245

All alcoholic beverages are produced as the result of:

Back 245

cellular respiration by yeast occurring in the absence of oxygen.

Front 246

In cellular respiration:

Back 246

all of the above are correct

Front 247

Which of the following statements about fermentation is NOT correct?

Back 247

All of the above are correct.

Front 248

Which of the following statements about glycolysis is INCORRECT?

Back 248

It requires oxygen.

Front 249

What theory states that all living things are composed of cells?

Back 249

cell theory

Front 250

The two basic types of cells are ______ and ______.

Back 250

. . . eukaryotic

Front 251

The difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells ______ prokaryotic cells.

Back 251

have a nucleus, which is lacking in

Front 252

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?

Back 252

regulation of the passage of material into and out of the cell

Front 253

In eukaryotic cells, what name is given to the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane?

Back 253

cytoplasm

Front 254

You find a cell of a type you have never seen beforeThe cell has both a nucleus and a cell wallTherefore, you conclude that it must be a ______ cell.

Back 254

plant

Front 255

______ are the major lipids of plasma membranes.

Back 255

Phospholipids

Front 256

Why, when mixed with water, do phospholipids spontaneously form membranes?

Back 256

Phospholipids have hydrophilic phosphate groups that are attracted to water and hydrophobic fatty acid tails that avoid water.

Front 257

A single celled organism contains pili, a nucleod region, and ribosomes. What type of cell is this organism?

Back 257

prokaryotic

Front 258

The nuclear membrane is composed of ______.

Back 258

a double membrane

Front 259

Which of the following organelles is NOT defined by a membrane?

Back 259

ribosome

Front 260

Where does protein synthesis take place?

Back 260

on ribosomes

Front 261

Based on its function in detoxifying drugs, you would expect to find a large amount of smooth ER in ______ cells.

Back 261

liver

Front 262

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Back 262

protein synthesis

Front 263

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Back 263

protein modification

Front 264

Lysosomes are responsible for ______.

Back 264

intracellular digestion

Front 265

As a(n) ______ is to a cell, a(n) ______ is to a multicellular organism.

Back 265

lysosome . . . digestive system

Front 266

Vacuoles are ______.

Back 266

membranous sacs

Front 267

Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a ______.

Back 267

cell wall and central vacuole

Front 268

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?

Back 268

chloroplast

Front 269

The nucleus contains _________ and ______________ .

Back 269

chromatin, nucleolus

Front 270

A bacterial cell's DNA is found in its ______ Hint - a bacteria cell is a prokaryotic cell.

Back 270

nucleoid region

Front 271

Bacteria are examples of ______ cells.

Back 271

prokaryotic

Front 272

Which of the following is a correct statement about cilia and flagella?

Back 272

cilia and flagella are motile appendages, they allow a cell to be able to move around its environment

Front 273

Which of the following are correct statements are the cytoskeleton of a cell?

Back 273

all of the above are correct statements

Front 274

An atom with a positive charge has ______.

Back 274

more protons than electrons

Front 275

All atoms of an element have the same number of ______.

Back 275

protons

Front 276

An atom's protons are found in its ______.

Back 276

nucleus

Front 277

The second electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of ______ electron(s).

Back 277

8

Front 278

Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7; therefore it has ______ electrons in its outermost electron shell and is considered a ___________ molecule.

Back 278

5, unstable

Front 279

An atom with an an electrical charge is a(n) ______.

Back 279

ion

Front 280

The bond between oppositely charged ions is a(n) ______ bond.

Back 280

ionic

Front 281

What name is given to bonds that involve the sharing of electrons?

Back 281

covalent

Front 282

The type of bonds joining adjacent water molecules are ______ bonds.

Back 282

hydrogen

Front 283

How are adjacent water molecules connected?

Back 283

by the electrical attraction between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule

Front 284

The simplest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element is a(n) _____.

Back 284

atom

Front 285

Carbohydrates are defined as ______.

Back 285

being made of C, H, and O in a 1:2:1 ratio

Front 286

Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?

Back 286

starch

Front 287

A glycerol with three fatty acids attached is referred to as a ______.

Back 287

fat

Front 288

What are saturated fats saturated with?

Back 288

hydrogen

Front 289

By definition, what type of fatty acid has double bonds?

Back 289

unsaturated

Front 290

______ is a steroid.

Back 290

Estrogen

Front 291

Proteins are macromolecules constructed from ______ building blocks.

Back 291

amino acid

Front 292

A protein's function is dependent on its ______.

Back 292

shape

Front 293

Nucleic acids are macromolecules of ______ building blocks.

Back 293

nucleotide

Front 294

A fat that is hydrogenated is ______.

Back 294

A more solid

Front 295

Cellulose is an example of a ______.

Back 295

fiber

Front 296

The numbers listed represent the first, second, and third energy levels, respectively. On this basis, which of the following is an unstable or reactive atom?

Back 296

2,8,2

Front 297

The reason water is a solid at 0 degrees C is;

Back 297

together into a crystalline like structure

Front 298

Which of the following functions to increase the rate that chemical reactions occur at?

Back 298

enzymes

Front 299

What is biology?

Back 299

the study of life

Front 300

Which of the following is not a characteristic of life.

Back 300

ecosystem

Front 301

Which of these statements is correct?

Back 301

Scientific ideas are subjected to rigorous and repeated testing.

Front 302

The changes that occur as a result of the interactions between organisms and their environment is called _____________>

Back 302

adaptations

Front 303

What is a hypothesis?

Back 303

a proposed explanation

Front 304

Organisms require an input of energy in order to sustain life. We need to eat food that we then break down to release energy. We use the energy for muscle contractions, maintaining body temperature, etc. The previous statement refers to

Back 304

Energy Utilization

Front 305

In a scientific experiment, what is the function of the control group?

Back 305

The control group serves as a basis of comparison with the experimental group.

Front 306

How do hypotheses differ from theories?

Back 306

Theories are more comprehensive than hypotheses.

Front 307

An ________________ is when a person noticies some natural event of interest. >

Back 307

observation

Front 308

Science itself is NOT capable of _____.

Back 308

addressing questions of ethical dilemmas

Front 309

Which of these is a scientific hypothesis?

Back 309

My excessive urination may mean that I have high blood pressure.

Front 310

Two garden plots were planted with cornThe soil was similar in each, and equal amounts of water were applied to each plotOne plot was fertilized, the other was notThe experimenters measured the yield as bushels of corn from each plotThe plot that did not receive the fertilizer was the _____.

Back 310

control plot

Front 311

A hypothesis must be testable to be scientifically validBeing testable means that _____.

Back 311

: some conceivable observation could prove the hypothesis incorrect

Front 312

The statement that living organisms are composed of cells is called _________ .

Back 312

Cell Theory

Front 313

The best method for determining whether bean plants require sodium is to _____.

Back 313

grow bean plants with and without sodium

Front 314

A researcher is interested in knowing the impact of a new drug on blood pressure levels. The researcher has two groups of people. One group is receiving the new drug while the second group is receiving a placebo. The placebo acts as the _________________ in this experiment.

Back 314

control

Front 315

Which of the following is an underlying theme that ties together various topics of biology?

Back 315

Evolution

Front 316

______________ occurs when individuals make scientifica-sounding claims that are not supported by trustworthy; methodical scientific studies.

Back 316

Pseudoscience

Front 317

Which of the following is a correct statement?

Back 317

Dependent variable the outcome or measured data and represented on the y-axis

Front 318

Double blind is a technique used to control ____________ in experiments.

Back 318

Biases