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3 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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ENERGY - stored in the phosphate bonds which release energy when broken - ATP is the main energy storing molecule - GTP is similar to ATP as it also stores energy in phosphate bonds and is used for - translation -nuclear import |
PLASMA MEMBRANE: The phospholipid are amphipathic so have a hydrophilic and hydrophobic end |
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PROTEINS INTEGRAL: permanently attached to bilateral by covalent bonds to an embedded lipid PERIPHERAL: interact with embedded protiens and also with phospholipid polar heads |
PASSAGE - PASSIVE: movement down a concentration gradient So is energetically favourable as no ATP is required. Continues until equilibrium is reached - small and non polar molecules pass easily -drugs are made to be lipophilic to easily get them into cells |
FACILITATED: movement down a concentration gradient, energetically favourable, no ATP required, spontaneous until equilibrium is reached - involved protein channels/carriers for hydrophilic molecules and ions |
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ACTIVE TRANSPORT: energetically UNfavourable as it requires ATP to go against concentration gradient - an ATP driven transport is PRIMARY A.T And is coupled transport is SECONDARY
- it’s secondary because it uses ATP indirectly, since the ATP is used to create the concentration gradient |
Couples a favourable process with an unfavourable one
SYMPORT: movement of 2 molecules in the same direction E.g pyruvate goes against gradient, coupled with H+ which goes down gradient ANTIPORT: movement of 2 molecules in opposite directions E.g Na/K pumps |
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