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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell Theory |
1. The cell is the smallest unit of life 2. All life is made from cells 3. New cells only come from pre-existing cells |
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How big are cells? How big is a bacterium? How big is an average animal cell? How big is an egg cell? |
0.1 μm - 1 mm 0.1 μm 10 μm 1 mm |
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life domains
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bacteria archaea eukaryotes *bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes |
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What is the area between the inner and outer membrane in prokaryotes called? What is it important for? |
periplasm ATP production |
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What is the cytosol? |
everything except the organelles e.g. water, ribosomes |
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What is the cytoplasm? |
everything between the plasma membrane and nucleus |
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What is the link between TACK archaea and eukaryotes? |
orthologous genes: actin tubulin ubiquitin protein-modification system |
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Hypothetical model for origin of eukaryotic cell |
1. An archeon from TACK group loses cell wall 2. Actin cytoskeleton is altered for phagocytosis 3. Phagocytosis of numerous bacteria and archaea with transfer of some DNA to the nucleoid 4. Development of protective membrane system around nucleoid and uptake of bacterial endosymbiont that maintains its independence as the mitochondrion 5. Mitochondria multiply in primitive eukaryotic cell |
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What is common to bacteria, archaea and eukarya |
Ribosomes,translation Phospholipids Nucleic acids, DNA replication, transcription Core metabolism (e.g. glycolysis) |
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What is common to archaea and eukarya? |
Proteasome (breaks peptide bonds) N-linked glycans (important for protein folding) Actin cytoskeleton |
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What is unique to eukarya? |
Sterols (e.g. cholesterol; important for cell membrane structure) Sphingolipids (important for signal transmission and cell recognition) Cilia Mitochondria endosymbiotic (γ-proteobacterium) |
