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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Types of Intercellular Signaling |
Autocrine, Paracrine, and Endocrine
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Autocrine |
the cell that is producing the messenger expresses the receptor on its surface |
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Paracrine |
Messengers travel only a short distance through the extracellular space to a cell in its proximity w/ receptors |
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Endocrine |
Messenger molecules reach their target cells via travelling through the bloodstream (hormones) |
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Ligand |
The message that binds to the receptor; once bonded, the receptor changes conformation |
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Second Messengers |
Small substances that activate (or inactivate) specific proteins Produced by effector |
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Signaling Pathways Consist of a Series of Proteins |
Signal Transduction (Cascade): >each protein in a pathway alters conformation of next protein >protein conformation is altered by phosphorylation >target protein ultimately receives a message to alter cell activity |
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Kinase: Phosphatase |
Phosphorylation: Dephosphorylation |
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Types of Membrane Receptors of Extracellular Messengers |
GPCR (G-protein-coupled receptors) RTK (Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinase) Ligand-Gated Channels Steroid Hormone Receptor |
