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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell functions |
Growth, metabolism, development, reproduction, adaptation, respiration, homeostasis |
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Prokaryotes |
No nucleus |
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Eukaryotes |
Distinct nucleus |
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Robert Hooke |
Found and named cells (cork) |
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Schleiden and Schwann |
All living things are composed of cells |
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Virchow |
All cells come from cells |
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Cell size in most animals |
10-30 nanometers |
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Small cells |
Larger surface area, better control activity, single nucleus |
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Large Cells |
2 or more nuclei |
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Cell membrane |
Plasmalemma |
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Cytoplasm |
Cytosol, cytoskeleton, organelles, proteins, electrolytes, metabolites |
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Nucleus |
Control center |
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3 main parts of cells |
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus |
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Membrane structure |
Lipid bilayer Fluid mosaic Cholesterol |
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Fluid mosaic |
Suspended proteins in bilayer move easily to change pattern of cell constantly |
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Lipid solubles pass through membrane |
Oxygen and co2 |
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Water solubles do not readily pass through membrane |
Amino acids Sugars Proteins |
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Globular proteins |
Responsible for membranes special functions Integral and peripheral |
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Integral proteins |
In lipid bilayer Span width of membrane Create channels through which molecules can pass |
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Peripheral proteins |
Inside or outside surface of membrane |
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Glycocalyx |
Sugar coating covering surface of cells Cell adhesion Glycoproteins and glycolipids CAMs |
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Rafts in fluid mosaic |
Plaque like structures formed of densely packed phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins |
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Caveolae |
50 nanometer hollow spaces within plasma membrane Produced from rafts Endocytosis Transcytosis Contact signaling |
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Cytosol |
Dissolved electrolytes Amino acids Simple sugar Proteins |
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Cytoskeleton |
Microfilaments Intermediate filaments Microtubules |
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Centrosome |
Builds and breaks down microtubules Centrioles Pericentriolar material Asters |
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Centrioles |
Small hollow cylinders composed of 9 triplets of microtubules Found in perpendicular pairs Duplicate themselves for cell division Form bases of microvilli, cilia, and flagella |
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Organelles |
"Little organs" Do not have glycocalyx coatings |
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Mitochondria |
Produce energy Smooth outside Cristae inside DNA RNA enzymes |
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Ribosomes |
Site for protein synthesis 2 globular subunits: protein and rRNA |
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ER |
Flat, crescent shaped tubes Single lipid bilayer Rough: protein production Smooth: lipid storage |
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Golgi apparatus |
Stacks of flattened cisternae Modifies, packages, and distributes molecules destined for secretion or intracellular use |
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Lysosomes |
Formed by Golgi Contain hydrolytic enzymes enclosed in protective membrane Breaks down nutrient molecules and digest cellular debris
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Proteasomes |
Barrel shaped Break down and removed unwanted proteins |
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Peroxisomes |
Membranous sacs containing enzymes Peroxidase assists in conversion of free radicals into hydrogen peroxide Formed by pinching off ER DETOX |
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Vaults |
Barrel shaped with tapered ends vRNA or vtRNA Transport molecules to and from nucleus |
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Inclusions |
Packaged units of metabolic products cell has engulfed Single layer membrane Vacuoles Vesicles Non membrane bound inclusions Lipid droplets and fat globules |
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RNA |
Has no opposing strand (single stranded) |
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Chromatin |
Substance of chromosomes Linker DNA |
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Nucleoli |
Not membrane bound |
