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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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If a cell is damaged, what are the main things that can happen to it?
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- Adaptation
inability to adapt causes - Cell injury which can be reversible or - Irreversible leading to loss of function, necrosis and apoptosis |
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What is hyperplasia and when does it occur?
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Increase in number of cells (proliferation)
Caused by increased functional demand or excess growth factor stimulation |
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How can hyperplasia be appropriate and inappropriate?
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Appropriate
- Hormones in pregnancy and puberty that effect breast and glandular tissue - Increased growth factors in wound healing Inappropriate - Endometrial hyperplasia - HPV (growth factors produced by viral genes) - Prostatic hyperplasia in response to androgens |
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What is hypertrophy and when does it occur?
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Increase in the size of a cell caused by increased functional demand growth factors and hormones
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Give some examples of when cells undergo hypertrophy.
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- Pregnancy oestrogen causes hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells
- Body building where muscle cells synthesise more proteins and myofilaments to increase strength - Cardiac muscle only have capacity for hypertrophy |
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What happens in graves disease?
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Autoantibodies bind to and activate TSH receptors on thyroid epithelial cells which causes increased proliferation and synthesis of thyroid hormone from follicle cells
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