Ce Chapter 16: Breast And Axillae

Front 1

lobes/lobules of breast

Back 1

~15-20 lobes and 20-40 lobules per breast

Front 2

lactiferous duct

Back 2

drains milk from each lobe onto surface of nipple

Front 3

muscles forming floor of the breast

Back 3

pec major and minor, serratus anterior, lat dorsi, subscapularis, external oblique, and rectus abdominus

Front 4

vascular supply to breast

Back 4

branches of internal mammary artery and lateral thoracic artery

Front 5

most of the bulk of the breat

Back 5

subQ and retromammary fat that surrounds glandular tissue

Front 6

5 segments of berast

Back 6

upper inner and outer, lower inner and outer, tail of spence

Front 7

circular and longitudinal smooth muslce fibers of nipple epithelium

Back 7

induced by tactile, sensory, or autonomic stimuli-erection of nipple and causes lactiferous ducts to empty

Front 8

thelarche

Back 8

breast development

Front 9

colostrum

Back 9

more protein and minerals than mature milk; milk replaces in 2-4 days (surge in prolactin, decrease estrogen, stimulation of sucking)

Front 10

peau d'oragne appearance of skin

Back 10

thickened with enlarged proes and accentuated skin markings; indicates edema caused by blocked lymph drainage or inflammatory carcinoma

Front 11

Five D's related to nipples

Back 11

Discharge, Depression/inversion, Discoloration (pregnancy), Dermatologic changes (Paget disease), Deviation

Front 12

seated with arms over head or flexed behind neck can reveal

Back 12

adds tension to suspensory ligaments, accentuates dimples, and may reveal variations in contour and symmetry

Front 13

seated with hands pressed against hips with shoulders rolled forward

Back 13

contracts pec muscles-deviations in contour and symmetry

Front 14

seated and leaning forward from waist

Back 14

tension in suspensory ligaments; assess contour and symmetry of large breasts

Front 15

characterizations of mass in breast

Back 15

location, size, shape, consistency, tenderness, mobility, delineation of borders, and retraction

Front 16

characteristics of concern with nipple discharge

Back 16

unilateral and from a single duct

Front 17

breast tissue of adolescent female

Back 17

homogenous, dense, firm, and elastic

Front 18

montgomery tubercles

Back 18

raised sebaceous glands on areaola

Front 19

clogged duct in lactating women

Back 19

creates tender spot on breast that may feel lumpy and hot; frequent nursing/expression along with application of heat will help to open duct

Front 20

fibroadenoma

Back 20

benign tumors composed of stromal and epithelial elements that represent a hyperplastic or proliferative process in a single terminal ducatl unit; asymptomatic and do not change with cycle

Front 21

assocaited findings of malignant breast tumor

Back 21

mass or thickening of breast; marked asymmetry; prominent veins unilaterally; discolorations; peau d' orange; ulcerations; dimpling; puckering; retraction of skin/areola; fixed inversion or deviation in position of nipple; crusting or erosion of nipple/areola; change in surface characteristics (moles/scars)

Front 22

fat necrosis

Back 22

response to local injury; firm, irregular mass, often appearing as area of discoloration

Front 23

intraductal papillomas and papillomatosis

Back 23

benign 2-3 cm tumors of subareolar ducts; single or multiple; common cause of serous/bloody nipple discharge

Front 24

paget disease

Back 24

surface manifestation of underlying ductal carcinoma; red, scaling, crusty patch forms on nipple, areola, and surrounding skin

Front 25

paget disease vs eczema

Back 25

appears eczematous, but may occur unilaterally and doesn't respond to steroids

Front 26

adult men gynecomastia causes

Back 26

hormone imbalance, testicular, pituitary, or hormone secreting tumors, liver failure, antihypertensive meds

Front 27

retention cysts

Back 27

inflammation of sebaceous glands in the areola; may be tender and suppurative

Front 28

lactation not associated with childbith occurs with

Back 28

drugs (phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants, some antihypertensive agents, estrogens), prolactin-secreting tumors, pituitary tumors, hypothyroidism, Cushings, and hypoglycemia

Front 29

most causes of mastitis are

Back 29

staph, ususally S aureus

Front 30

mammary duct ectasia

Back 30

subareolar ducts become blocked with desquamating secretory epithelium, necrotic debris, and chronic inflammatory cells; often bilateral; usually menopausal women

Front 31

discharge in mammary duct ectasia

Back 31

spontaneous, sticky, multicolored, and from multiple ducts