Cd 1 Test 5, Chapters 11-13

Front 1

Compared with the preschool years, the rate of growth during middle childhood is:

Back 1

slower.

Front 2

In childhood, “overweight” is defined as:

Back 2

having a BMI above the 85th percentile.

Front 3

A chronic disease of the respiratory system in which inflammation narrows the airway is:

Back 3

asthma.

Front 4

Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention of asthma?
a. ridding the house of allergens
b. eradication of cockroaches
c. injections and inhalers
d. decreasing pollution

Back 4

a. ridding the house of allergens

Front 5

Reaction time refers to:

Back 5

the time it takes to respond either cognitively or physically to a stimulus.

Front 6

The ability to concentrate on some stimuli while ignoring others is:

Back 6

selective attention.

Front 7

A person who glances at a billboard and reads it without intending to do so displays:

Back 7

automatization.

Front 8

Intellectual aptitude is measured with:

Back 8

IQ tests.

Front 9

“Gifted” generally refers to children:

Back 9

with IQ's above 130.

Front 10

Today, children are classified as mentally retarded:

Back 10

if they have an IQ score below 70 and are markedly behind their peers in adaptation to daily life.

Front 11

Many developmentalists criticize IQ tests because:
a. they are culturally biased.
b. intellectual potential changes over the lifespan.
c. they fail to measure achievement.
d. all of these answers are correct.

Back 11

d. all of these answers are correct.

Front 12

Which theorist proposed nine distinct types of intelligences?

Back 12

Gardner

Front 13

Children who because of a physical or mental disability require extra help to learn are referred to as:

Back 13

children with special needs.

Front 14

The presence of two or more unrelated disease conditions at the same time is:

Back 14

comorbidity.

Front 15

_________ combined with psychotherapy is the most effective treatment for ADHD.

Back 15

Medication

Front 16

Learning disability refers to:

Back 16

a marked delay in a particular area of learning.

Front 17

What is one of the three signs of an autistic spectrum disorder?

Back 17

unusual play

Front 18

____________ is an autistic spectrum disorder described as “high functioning.”

Back 18

Asperger syndrome

Front 19

The rate of autism is:

Back 19

increasing.

Front 20

A document that specifies educational goals and plans for a child with special needs is referred to as a(n):

Back 20

individualized education plan (IEP).

Front 21

During middle childhood:
a. mortal injuries are unusual.
b. it is the healthiest period of the lifespan.
c. fatal illnesses are rare.
d. all of these answers are correct.

Back 21

d. all of these answers are correct.

Front 22

The statement that growth slows down during middle childhood:

Back 22

refers to a decrease in the rate of physical growth.

Front 23

In childhood, “obesity” is defined as:

Back 23

having a BMI above the 95th percentile.

Front 24

Asthma rates are:

Back 24

highest among school-age children.

Front 25

A primary level of prevention aimed at asthma is:

Back 25

better ventilation of schools.

Front 26

The time it takes to respond to a physical or cognitive stimulus is:

Back 26

reaction time.

Front 27

A baseball player at bat who ignores the other team’s attempts to distract them is engaging in:

Back 27

selective attention.

Front 28

The process by which a sequence of thoughts and actions is repeated until it becomes routine and no longer requires conscious thought is:

Back 28

automatization.

Front 29

__________ measure(s) the potential to learn or master a particular skill or body of knowledge.

Back 29

IQ tests

Front 30

Which one of the following statements about IQ tests is TRUE?
a. IQ tests predict school achievement.
b. IQ tests cannot predict adult success.
c. Because the tests are standardized, they can be used with people of any culture.
d. IQ tests measure emotional aptitude.

Back 30

a. IQ tests predict school achievement.

Front 31

Which is one of the types of intelligence identified by Sternberg?
a. creative
b. social-emotional
c. sensory motor
d. analytical

Back 31

a. creative

Front 32

The ability to regulate one’s emotions and understand other people’s feelings is:

Back 32

emotional intelligence.

Front 33

Which is one type of intelligence identified by Howard Gardner?

Back 33

intrapersonal

Front 34

What percent of U.S. children are diagnosed with ADHD?

Back 34

5%

Front 35

A diagnosis of ADHD indicates that a child not only has problems concentrating but also:

Back 35

is inattentive, impulsive, and overactive.

Front 36

What is curious about the drugs used to treat ADHD?

Back 36

They are drugs that are generally stimulants for adults.

Front 37

One of the most commonly diagnosed learning disabilities involving reading is:

Back 37

dyslexia.

Front 38

One of the core symptoms of autism is __ language?

Back 38

delayed

Front 39

Children with severe symptoms of autism:

Back 39

can benefit from early intervention.

Front 40

Sally, who has autism, is provided appropriate aids and services in a “regular” classroom. This approach to education is referred to as:

Back 40

inclusion.

Front 41

Concrete operational thought

Back 41

Piaget's term for the ability to reason logically about direct experiences and perceptions

Front 42

classification

Back 42

the organization of things into groups according to some characteristic that they have in common.

Front 43

identity

Back 43

the principle that some objects remain the same even if some characteristics appear to shift

Front 44

reversibility

Back 44

the principle that after being changed, a thing may be returned to its original state

Front 45

information-processing theory

Back 45

a perspective that compares human thinking processes, by analogy, to computer analysis of data

Front 46

sensory memory

Back 46

the first component of human information processing system. sensations are retained for a moment so that some of them can become perceptions.

Front 47

working memory

Back 47

(short term memory) the component in which current conscious mental activity occurs.

Front 48

long-term memory

Back 48

virtually limitless amounts of information can be stored indefinitely.

Front 49

knowledge base

Back 49

a body of knowledge in a particular area that makes it easier to master new information in that area.

Front 50

transitive inference

Back 50

the ability to grasp connections that are implied not stated.

Front 51

metacognition

Back 51

"thinking about thinking" the ability to evaluate a task in order to determine how to best accomplish it

Front 52

language shift

Back 52

a change from one language to another, which occurs not only in speaking and in writing, but also in the brain.

Front 53

immersion

Back 53

a strategy in which instruction in all school subjects occurs in the second language that the child is learning.

Front 54

bilingual education

Back 54

a strategy in which the school subjects are taught in both the learner's original language and the second language.

Front 55

ESL

Back 55

(English as a second language) an intensive course to learn basic English so that children can be educated in the same class as native English speakers.

Front 56

According to Piaget, the stage of thinking that is characteristic of middle childhood is:

Back 56

concrete operational.

Front 57

Carly is given grapes and strawberries. When asked if she has more grapes or fruit, she responds, “I have more fruits.” Carly is using the logical concept of:

Back 57

classification

Front 58

The knowledge that things can be arranged in a logical series is:

Back 58

seriation

Front 59

The principle that after being changed, a thing may be returned to its original state is:

Back 59

reversibility

Front 60

Piaget stressed the ______________ while Vygotsky stressed the _________________.
a. sociocultural context; maturational approach
b. importance of instruction by others; child’s own discovery of concepts
c. child’s own discovery of concepts; importance of instruction by others
d. apprenticeship method of learning; formal education of children

Back 60

c. child’s own discovery of concepts; importance of instruction by others

Front 61

Information-processing theory compares human thinking processes to:

Back 61

computers

Front 62

__________ memory stores incoming stimulus information for a split second to allow it to be processed.

Back 62

sensory

Front 63

By the end of middle childhood, the capacity of long-term memory becomes:

Back 63

virtually limitless

Front 64

Mechanisms that combine memory, processing speed, and knowledge to regulate the analysis and flow of information within the system are called:

Back 64

control processes

Front 65

A child’s ability to speak formally or informally depending on the audience and the context is called:

Back 65

pragmatics

Front 66

According to the text, a child who is learning English as a second language is referred to as a(n):

Back 66

English-language learner.

Front 67

Seven-year-old Skyla is from Holland and only speaks Dutch. At school, all subjects (reading, social science, and so on) are taught entirely in English. This method of teaching a second language is:

Back 67

total immersion

Front 68

Piaget’s term for the ability to reason logically about direct experiences is ____________ thought.

Back 68

concrete operational

Front 69

The logical principle that things can be organized into groups or categories according to some characteristic they have in common is:

Back 69

classification.

Front 70

Taylor understands the idea that the sum of 5 can be achieved in a variety of ways (4 + 1, 3 + 2, 0 + 4). Taylor has grasped the concept of:

Back 70

identity

Front 71

Four-year-old Sheldon refused to eat his ham and cheese sandwich. He told his mother, “I do not like cheese.” His mother opened the sandwich in front of him and removed the cheese. However, Sheldon still refused to eat the sandwich and stated, “Cheese is gross.” Sheldon has not grasped the logical principle of:

Back 71

reversibility

Front 72

Vygotsky believed that children learn from their:

Back 72

peers, culture, and teachers

Front 73

The use of mental processes to search for information, analyze it, and then express the analysis of the information is:

Back 73

information-processing theory

Front 74

The component of the brain in which current conscious mental activity occurs is _______ memory.

Back 74

working

Front 75

Which aspect of memory has a virtually limitless capacity by middle childhood?

Back 75

long-term memory

Front 76

Control processes include:

Back 76

selective attention, meta-cognition, and emotional regulation.

Front 77

Many children use codes in their text messages (LOL, , 411,). The use of these codes in this context indicates the child understands:

Back 77

pragmatics

Front 78

Middle childhood is a good time for learning a second language because children:

Back 78

are eager to communicate and talk, are logical, and have an ear for nuances of code and pronunciation.

Front 79

The arrangement in which children who do not speak English are placed together and given an intensive course in basic English so that they can be educated in the same classroom as native English speakers is called:

Back 79

English as a second language (ESL).

Front 80

Juanita speaks Spanish. She is learning to speak English. In her third grade classroom, school subjects are taught in both English and Spanish. This method of teaching a second language is:

Back 80

bilingual education

Front 81

During Erikson’s crisis of industry versus inferiority, children:

Back 81

attempt to master many skills.

Front 82

According to Erikson, if 8-year-old Kristina does NOT solve her psychosocial conflict, she will develop a view of herself that is:

Back 82

inferior

Front 83

Freud referred to middle childhood as the period of:

Back 83

latency

Front 84

The tendency to assess one’s own abilities by measuring them against those of other people, especially peers, is:

Back 84

social comparison

Front 85

The capacity to develop optimally by adapting positively to significant adversity is called:

Back 85

resilience

Front 86

Daily hassles:

Back 86

can accumulate to make other stresses more harmful.

Front 87

The way in which a family works to meet the needs of its members is referred to as:

Back 87

family function

Front 88

A nuclear family consists of:

Back 88

a father, a mother, and their biological children under age 18 living in one household.

Front 89

The rarest family structure is:

Back 89

polygamous

Front 90

The term “culture of children” refers to:

Back 90

the particular habits and styles reflecting rules and rituals that are distinct from those of adult society.

Front 91

Older children tend to choose best friends:

Back 91

whose interests, values, and backgrounds are similar to their own.

Front 92

Rita, who is unpopular among her peers, frequently ridicules and antagonizes other children. Her behavior suggests that she is a(n):

Back 92

aggressive-rejected child

Front 93

The ability to understand human interactions is called:

Back 93

social cognition.

Front 94

Repeated, systematic efforts to inflict harm through physical, verbal, or social attack on a weaker person is the definition of:

Back 94

bullying

Front 95

Girls who bully tend to use ______ aggression.

Back 95

relational

Front 96

A difference between the behaviors of middle-school children and younger children is that:

Back 96

middle-school children are more likely to behave prosocially.

Front 97

Eleven-year-old Eric raised thousands of dollars for Katrina disaster victims. He believes that his efforts will help to improve some victims’ living conditions. He is demonstrating:

Back 97

social efficacy

Front 98

According to Kholberg, the crucial factor in determining what stage of moral reasoning a person is using is:

Back 98

the reasons for their answers

Front 99

Kholberg’s second level of moral reasoning emphasizes:

Back 99

social rules

Front 100

Kohlberg’s view of children’s development of moral reasoning was criticized because he:

Back 100

failed to study moral reasoning in girls

Front 101

What is Erikson’s fourth stage of psychosocial development?

Back 101

industry vs inferiority

Front 102

Identify the typical child in the crisis of industry versus inferiority stage:
a. Jill, who avoids learning new skills.
b. Marisol, who can’t wait to begin her first karate class.
c. John, who has difficulty making friends.
d. Gustavo, who is struggling with his identity.

Back 102

b. Marisol, who can’t wait to begin her first karate class.

Front 103

During the ______, Freud believed that children’s emotional drives and psychosocial needs are quiet.

Back 103

latency stage

Front 104

Emma, who is in the fourth grade, announces to her mother, “I am the fastest runner in my class, but not the entire school.” Emma is engaging in:

Back 104

social comparison

Front 105

Toward the end of middle childhood, ________ decreases.

Back 105

self-esteem

Front 106

The ability to regulate one’s emotions and actions, through effort is referred to as:

Back 106

effortful control

Front 107

Family structure refers to:

Back 107

legal and genetic relationships of family members.

Front 108

A family that consists of a father, a mother, and their biological children younger than 18 is referred to as a:

Back 108

nuclear family

Front 109

The most common type of family structure for U.S. children aged 6–11 is:

Back 109

nuclear

Front 110

In the United States, ____ percent of all school-age children live in a single-parent family.

Back 110

28

Front 111

The particular habits, styles, and values that reflect the set of rules and rituals that characterize children as distinct from adult society is referred to as:

Back 111

the culture of children

Front 112

A child who is ignored, but not shunned, by his or her peers is considered a(n):

Back 112

neglected

Front 113

A child who is rejected by peers because of timid and anxious behavior is referred to as:

Back 113

withdrawn-rejected

Front 114

Social cognition refers to:

Back 114

the ability to understand social interactions

Front 115

Characteristics of bullying are:

Back 115

repeated, systematic attacks intended to harm a weaker person.

Front 116

The idea that people come to believe they can affect their circumstances—and this belief then leads to action that changes the social context—is:

Back 116

social-efficacy

Front 117

The theorist associated with the six stages of moral reasoning is:

Back 117

Kohlberg

Front 118

The type of moral reasoning that focuses on both the social standards and the laws is called:

Back 118

conventional

Front 119

Because Iris thinks that it is moral to break the law in some circumstances, Kohlberg would place her moral reasoning at the:

Back 119

social contract stage

Front 120

Not telling adults what is happening and trying to not be different from one’s peers are examples of:

Back 120

common values of middle school children