Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Where is the Apex located? |
5th intercostal space midclavicular line |
|
|
Where is the base of the heart located? |
2nd intercostal space |
|
|
Name each layer of the cardiac wall (going in) |
Pericardium Myocardium Endocardium |
|
|
Describe the pericardium |
Maintains the heart in a stationary position Fibrous layer Serous layer=parietal layer, pericardial space, visceral layer/epicardium Serous layer=parietal layer, pericardial space, visceral layer/epicardium |
|
|
Describe the pericardial space |
Between parietal and visceral layer. Has 10 - 30 milliliters a lubricating fluid |
|
|
Describe the epicardium |
Same as visceral layer of pericardium tissue Has layer of adipose tissue May increase risk of coronary artery disease May increase risk of coronary artery disease |
|
|
Describe The myocardium |
Largest portion of cardiac wall Is the muscle part |
|
|
Describe the endocardium |
Forms smooth surface for blood contact Continuous with the lining of the vessels Lines heart chambers and valves |
|
|
What is the pressure in the Atria? |
Right- 2 - 6 mm Hg Left- 8 - 12 mm Hg |
|
|
What is the pressure in the ventricles? |
Right- 25/5 mm Hg Left- 120/5 mm Hg |
|
|
What are the AV valves? |
Tricuspid and mitral valves between Atria and ventricle |
|
|
What are the semilunar valves? |
Aortic and pulmonic valves between ventricles and great vessels Function with pressure gradient |
|
|
How much of cardiac output does The myocardium receive? |
5% |
|
|
How is the left ventricle perfused? |
During diastole |
|
|
How is the right ventricle perfused? |
Throughout the cardiac cycle but mostly during diastole |
|
|
What is CAPP? |
Coronary artery perfusion pressure equals diastolic BP - pulmonary artery occlusion pressure. Normal CAPP is 60-80 mm Hg |
|
|
What does the LAD coronary artery supply? |
LAD =left anterior descending -Anterior left ventricle -Anterior two-thirds of the interventricular septum -Apex of left ventricle -Bundle of his and bundle branches
|
|
|
What does the LCA Supply? |
LCA=Left circumflex artery Left atrium SA node in 45% of hearts AV node in 10% of hearts Lateral left ventricle Posterior left ventricle |
|
|
What does the RCA Supply? |
RCA =right coronary artery
Right atrium SA node in 55% of hearts Lateral right ventricle Inferior right ventricle |
|
|
How often is the RCA dominant in hearts? |
80% of hearts This creates the posterior descending artery |
|
|
Where do the coronary veins lead? |
Most empty into the coronary sinus which empties into the right atrium |
|
|
Name and describe the properties of cardiac cells |
Automaticity: ability to initiate impulses regularly and spontaneously Excitability: respond to stimulus Conductivity: ability to respond to a cardiac impulse by transmitting the impulse along cell membranes Contractility: ability to respond to an Impulse with contraction Rhythmicity: ability to generate action potential at regular rate |
|
|
Describe phase zero of action potential of cardiac contraction |
Potassium efflux Rapid depolarization of the cellSodium influxPotassium efflux Threshold potential is reached and depolarization occurs Sodium influxPotassium efflux Threshold potential is reached and depolarization occurs Threshold potential is reached and depolarization occurs |
|
|
What determines the rate of pacemakers? |
The rate of diastolic depolarization |
