Cbio 2200 Test 3

Front 1

Name the three types of cartilage

Back 1

Hyaline, Elastic, Fibro

Front 2

Hyaline Cartilage
Give a description and location

Back 2

Glassy matrix
Location: costal cartilage

Front 3

Elastic Cartilage
Give a description, location and function

Back 3

elastin rich matrix
location: external ear
func: provide elasticity

Front 4

Fibro Cartilage
Give a description, location and function

Back 4

Chondrocytes arranged in parallel rows but also housed in lacuni
loc: intervertibral discs, pubic symphysis, menisci of knee joint
func: "pads" absorb shocks

Front 5

Chondrocyte

Back 5

cell type that makes up cartilage

Front 6

Lacuna

Back 6

a shallow pit/chamber that holds chondrocytes and osteocytes

Front 7

osteocyte

Back 7

cell type that makes up osseous tissue

Front 8

Osteoblast

Back 8

immature osteoblasts that create new osseous tissue

Front 9

Osteoclast

Back 9

cell type that erodes/degrades old osseous tissue

Front 10

How do osteoclasts work?

Back 10

covers lacuna and deposits secretions of exo enzymes, which have lots of H+, which increases acidity and erodes the osseous tissue

Front 11

What are the two types of osseous tissue?

Back 11

compact and spongy

Front 12

Osteon

Back 12

unit of composition of compact bone

Front 13

Haversian Canal

Back 13

Central canal through each osteon which houses blood vessels

Front 14

Lamella

Back 14

concentric layers that make up an osteon

Front 15

Canaliculi

Back 15

small channels that allow the osteocytes to receive nutrients by connecting the osteocytes to each other and the Haversian canal.

Front 16

Trabeculae

Back 16

structure of spongy bone in which osteocytes are distributed irregularly

Front 17

Draw an osteon

Back 17

Draw the three types of cartilage

Front 18

What are the two types of nervous tissue?

Back 18

Neurons and neuroglia

Front 19

What are the two cell types of neuroglia?

Back 19

Schwann Cells and microglia

Front 20

What is the function of neurons?

Back 20

conduct and generate nerve impulses

Front 21

What is the function of Schwann cells?

Back 21

to protect and myelinate the axons of neurons

Front 22

What are Schwann cells called collectively?

Back 22

The Myelin Sheath

Front 23

What is the function of microglia?

Back 23

phagocytosis (to clean around the neuron)

Front 24

Draw and lable a diagram of a neuron including neuroglia.

Back 24

.

Front 25

What are the 3 types of muscular tissue?

Back 25

skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

Front 26

Describe skeletal muscle cell

Back 26

long, striated, multi-nucleated, voluntary

Front 27

Describe smooth muscle cell

Back 27

spindle shaped, mono-nucleated, contraction and relaxation are involuntary

Front 28

Describe cardiac muscle cell

Back 28

branched, intercalated discs, striated, involuntary control

Front 29

Draw skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle cells

Back 29

.

Front 30

What are the 3 types of cell junctions?

Back 30

Gap, Adhering and Tight

Front 31

Gap Junctions
Give description, location and function

Back 31

proteins in the PM allow gaps/pores b/w cells
loc: intercalated discs
func: cell to cell communication

Front 32

Adhering Juctions
Give description, location and function

Back 32

proteins (glycoproteins) glue adjacent cells to each other
Loc: intercalated discs
func: glue cells together

Front 33

What is another name for Adhering Junctions?

Back 33

Desmosomes

Front 34

Tight Junctions
Give description, location and function

Back 34

form seals b/w adjacent cells
loc: stomach
func: tight junction prevents acidic juices from leaking b/w cells

Front 35

What are the two categories of glands?

Back 35

endocrine and exocrine

Front 36

Describe endocrine glands

Back 36

secrete hormones; ductless (dump the hormones into circulation)

Front 37

Examples of endocrine glands

Back 37

thymus, pancreas, pituitary

Front 38

Describe exocrine glands

Back 38

release secretions into ducts

Front 39

What are the 3 types of exocrine glands?

Back 39

ecrine, apocrine and holocrine

Front 40

sudoriferous

Back 40

sweat glands (ecrine and apocrine)

Front 41

sebaceous

Back 41

oil gland (holocrine)

Front 42

Another name for ecrine glands

Back 42

merocrine

Front 43

Describe and draw ecrine gland

Back 43

watery secretion; small lumen

Front 44

Describe and draw apocrine gland

Back 44

thick, milky secretion; large lumen; apocrine sweat gland & mammary gland

Front 45

Describe and draw holocrine gland

Back 45

secrete whole cells; oil gland w/o lumen

Front 46

Name for ET of serosa membrane

Back 46

Mesothelium

Front 47

External body membranes

Back 47

skin (epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis)

Front 48

Internal body membranes

Back 48

serosa membrane, mucous membrane, synovial membrane

Front 49

draw serosa membrane

Back 49

areolar ct, basement membrane, simple squamous ET, serous fluid, simple squamous ET, BM, areolar CT

Front 50

Connective tissue component of the mucous membrane

Back 50

lamina propria

Front 51

small muscle cells beneath mucous membrane

Back 51

muscalari mucosa

Front 52

Draw and label a diagram of mucous membrane

Back 52

.

Front 53

mucin

Back 53

one protein component of protein rich mucus

Front 54

synovial membrane

Back 54

lines the synovial cavities of synovial joints; filled with synovial fluid; allows for lubrication and prevents damage to bones that move against each other

Front 55

Name the five strata of the epidermis in order of superficial to deep

Back 55

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

Front 56

stratum corneum

Back 56

"dead" kerotinocytes

Front 57

stratum lucidum

Back 57

only found in thick skin (palms and soles of feet)

Front 58

stratum granulosum

Back 58

water proof layer, loaded w/ granules (lipids/proteins)

Front 59

stratum spinosum

Back 59

cells held together with adhering juctions

Front 60

statum basale

Back 60

highly mitotic

Front 61

dendritic cells

Back 61

"langerhans cells"; branched cells that perform phagocytosis in stratum spinosum

Front 62

tactile cells

Back 62

"merkel cells"; send signals to CNS via afferent neurons (carry signals towards CNS)

Front 63

three types of skin cancer

Back 63

basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma

Front 64

basal cell carcinoma

Back 64

stratum basal, raised edges, pearly appearance, rarely metastasizes (least deadly), most common

Front 65

squamous cell carcinoma

Back 65

can metastasize if not treated, scaly appearance, can kill you

Front 66

Malignant melanoma

Back 66

least common, most deadly, resistant to chemotherapy, ABCD rule of identificaiton

Front 67

ABCD rule of identification

Back 67

A: asymmetry
B: irregular border
C: multi-colored
D: diameter >6mm

Front 68

House dust mite

Back 68

dermatophagoides

Front 69

sand flea

Back 69

tunga pentrans; cause of tungiasis (female burrows in skin of feet and secondary infection develops, usually)

Front 70

the itch mite

Back 70

scarcopes scabii

Front 71

Spongy bone vs compact bone

Back 71

Spongy: no osteons, osteocytes arranged in trabacluae
Compact: osteons

Front 72

Two types of ossification

Back 72

intramembranous and endochondrial

Front 73

intramembraneous ossification
description and example

Back 73

dense membranous connective tissue is gradually ossified
ex. flat bones of the skull

Front 74

endochondrial ossification
description and example

Back 74

cartilage is ossified
ex: all long bones